counter-propagating

In a MOT, trapping is accomplished with three pairs of counter-propagating laser beams and an inhomogeneous magnetic field.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 1997

The next breakthrough came in the same year when Steven Chu cooled atoms in three dimensions, using Doppler cooling with three pairs of counter-propagating laser beams.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 1997

Hänsch and Schawlow proposed to cool neutral atoms in pairs of counter-propagating laser beams detuned slightly below a resonance transition of the atoms.

Additional background material on the Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 1997

Already in 1988, Cohen-Tannoudji and co-workers used two counter-propagating laser beams and could show cooling in one dimension to a temperature of 2 µK, a factor of two below the recoil limit.

Additional background material on the Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 1997

The first proposal to cool neutral atoms in counter-propagating laser beams was made by T.W. Hänsch and

Additional background material on the Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 1997

This also uses the three pairs of counter-propagating laser beams, but now with circular polarization and in conjunction with a weak magnetic field.

Additional background material on the Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 1997

Aspect and an otherwise new set of co-workers and using two pairs of mutually orthogonal and counter-propagating laser beams,

Additional background material on the Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 1997

The Hybrid module consists of a counter-propagating Raman pump unit tightly integrated with

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After this laser had been turned off, the sodium atoms drifted into the intersection of six pairwise orthogonal counter-propagating laser beams (see Figure

Additional background material on the Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 1997