Bukhara

The Sethis had agents in Bukhara, Samarqand and Tashkent, and this correspondence would have likely occurred after 1860.

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

The Ludiana Agent objected that the first northern experiment was concluded in Bukhara without Muhin Shah's supervision.

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

These Jewish merchants sent the money they received from Hindus in Bukhara to Moscow by telegraph.

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

One convincing piece of evidence supporting that conclusion is a 1914 report submitted to the Viceroy of India by Haji Karam Elahi Sethi on his life and travels. 18 In this short autobiography Karam Elahi claims his ancestors "wholly and solely carried on trade in Bukhara, Samarkand, and Afghanistan," and mentions:

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

Rs. 8,399.15 derived from the sale of goods in Bukhara

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

The Peshawris claimed Iranians in Bukhara were able to sell the same product for 24 to 26 tillas per package, while as a result of Durrani state tax burdens and the need to avoid them they were compelled to charge 36 tillas per package of tea in order for their venture be cost-effective. 38 The new sea routing removed the Peshawris 'competitive advantage over Iranians in the Bukhara tea market.

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

This happened in Bukhara in March when a bunch of vols were around for a party.

Anomalies Abound 2004

Note 26: "Result of Muhim Shah's Commercial Speculation in Bukhara," NAI, Foreign S.C.,

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

Note 28: "Result of Muhim Shah's Commercial Speculation in Bukhara," NAI, Foreign S.C.,

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

17In Bukhara, Muslim traders and the firms they formed, such as the Sethi trading house, dealt with Hindu merchants such as the Shikarpuris to dispose of North Indian tea routed by sea, seemingly quite far away and immunized from claims emanating from Kabul. 35 The cash garnered by the Hindus in Bukhara from their handling of the tea was remitted to Jews in the city.

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008