Jiangnan

Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu, decided that the national strategy should be to ally with the Sun-Wu regime in Jiangnan and to launch northern expeditions to conquer the Cao-Wei in North China.

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008

Seven Freaks of Jiangnan aka "Jiangnan Qiguai" - a group of chivalrous and righteous pugilists who are famous in Jiangnan for their heroic acts.

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For example, Yongchang, the frontier city, saw a large number of Han soldiers and immigrants during the Ming period, and most of them were from Jiangnan.

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008

In Wenshan, some ethnic people claimed that they were from three rivers and four seas (sanjiang sihai) which referred to Jiangnan.

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008

Tea, minerals, such as salt, gems such as jade, furs, and other exotic goods attracted merchants from as far away as Jiangnan.

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008

The official price for Japanese copper was 14.5 taels for each 100 jin, plus about 3 taels of transportation cost (from Zhejiang or other Jiangnan ports to Beijing).

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008

Some merchants managed to ship cowries from Jiangnan to Yunnan for horses and gold, which resulted in inflation in Yunnan.

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008

Yang Yiqing (1453 – 1530), a jinshi in 1472, acknowledged that he was originally from Yunnan (he was born in Yunnan, grew up in Hunan, and spent his last years in Jiangnan), and sent his son in 1515 to pay tribute to his ancestral tombs in Yunnan.

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008

While keeping the thirteen provinces, the Qing made Bei Zhili as to Zhili province, Nan Zhili to Jiangnan Province (later into two provinces, Jiangsu and Anhui), divided Ganshu from Shaanxi, and separated Huguang into Hunan and Hubei.

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008

Some sources state that the Ming moved peasants and the rich from populous Jiangnan to Yunnan. 36 Frontier trade attracted Chinese merchants from Jiangnan, too, as revealed by the large number of huiguan (association halls for people of the same profession, business, birth place, surname, and other affiliations) in Yunnan.

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008