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Examples
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While signaling by transforming growth factor (TGF) - β through Smad proteins likely causes these changes, it is possible that non-Smad pathways may also play a role.
Naturejobs - All Jobs Pranali Patel 2010
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Here, we found that Smad3-deficient mice were protected from peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis caused by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of active TGF-β1 to mesothelial cells; however, mesothelial transition occurred in this setting, suggesting involvement of non-Smad mechanisms.
Naturejobs - All Jobs Pranali Patel 2010
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The authors believe that their findings suggest that analysis of Smad expression in human tumors may be an important biomarker that will allow for the development of better targeted therapies in the future.
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Hence, we conclude that TGF-β1 causes peritoneal injury through Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways; the latter involves redundant mechanisms inhibited by rapamycin, suggesting that suppression of both pathways may be necessary to abrogate mesothelial transition.
Naturejobs - All Jobs Pranali Patel 2010
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The authors believe that their findings suggest that analysis of Smad expression in human tumors may be an important biomarker that will allow for the development of better targeted therapies in the future.
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Thus, paricalcitol appears to attenuate CsA-induced nephropathy by suppression of inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, and apoptotic factors through inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB, Smad, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.
Naturejobs - All Jobs Jeong Woo Park 2010
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/Smad signaling can be modulated by stabilization of microtubules with paclitaxel.
Naturejobs - All Jobs Dongshan Zhang 2010
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Smad proteins have been identified to have an important function in regulating the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins through TGF -
Naturejobs - All Jobs Dongshan Zhang 2010
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Paricalcitol reduced the decline in kidney function and pro-fibrotic changes and also blunted the increased transforming growth factor (TGF) - β1 expression and Smad signaling.
Naturejobs - All Jobs Jeong Woo Park 2010
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The phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K) target, Akt, was upregulated in both Smad-deficient and wild-type mice after exposure to TGF-β1.
Naturejobs - All Jobs Pranali Patel 2010
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