climatologies

While the range between the individual simulations is substantial throughout the year, it is noteworthy that the observational climatologies demonstrate a comparable scatter, at least in summer and autumn.

Simulation of observed arctic climate with the ACIA designated models 2009

Both the Bryazgin and Legates-Willmott climatologies are based on gauge-corrected in situ data only.

Simulation of observed arctic climate with the ACIA designated models 2009

Because different observational climatologies incorporate varying types and degrees of adjustment, there is some variance among the observational estimates, more so in the monthly means than in the annual mean.

Simulation of observed arctic climate with the ACIA designated models 2009

The quality of precipitation climatologies for high latitudes derived from reanalyses is lower than that for temperature (or, e.g., atmospheric pressure).

Simulation of observed arctic climate with the ACIA designated models 2009

The two climatologies are multi-year averages over periods that do not coincide with each other or with the ACIA climatological baseline (see section 4.3.2).

Simulation of observed arctic climate with the ACIA designated models 2009

Given the uncertainties in the climatologies of arctic P and E, it is not surprising that information on recent variations and trends in these variables is limited.

Precipitation and evapotranspiration in the Arctic 2009

Within the biosphere model [99], the raw GCM (CGCM2, GFDL-R30_c, HadCM3, and ECHAM4/OPYC3 forced with the B2 emissions scenario) climatologies for 1900 to 2100 were not used directly.

Effects of climate change on landscape and regional processes and feedbacks to the climate system in the Arctic 2009

Finally, gridding the observational data in order to create baseline climatologies can introduce errors.

Arctic climate change scenarios for the 21st century projected by the ACIA-designated models 2009

The models were compared based on their ability to simulate ozone climatologies for the current atmosphere.

Future changes in ozone in the Arctic 2009

Additional precipitation climatologies used in this assessment are Legates and Willmott [13] and Xie and Arkin [14].

Simulation of observed arctic climate with the ACIA designated models 2009