creoles

Harrison et al. (1988) discuss the ‘Founder Effect' in biology and human evolution, and Mufwene (2001) applies it as a creolistic tool to explain why the structural features of so-called creoles (which he regards as ‘normal languages' just like English) are largely predetermined by the characteristics of the languages spoken by the founder population, i.e. by the first colonists.

languagehat.com: HEBREW OR ISRAELI? 2005

The creoles, the so-called creoles, owned the sugarcane and coffee plantation.

CASTRO 30TH ANNIVERSARY SPEECH 1989

The natives of this island pride themselves on not being creoles, that is not being of the Caribbean race, although it assuredly is one of the Caribbean Islands.

A Sailor of King George Frederick Hoffman

The first is largely composed of descendants of French colonists, termed creoles, with some Spanish intermixed, and the sugar cane is the staple crop, changing as the Gulf is approached to rice.

Destruction and Reconstruction: Personal Experiences of the Late War Richard Taylor

The first is largely composed of descendants of French colonists, termed creoles, with some Spanish intermixed, and the sugar cane is the staple crop, changing as the Gulf is approached to rice.

Generals, Confederate States of America, Biography, Soldiers, Louisiana, Southern States, Army, Louisiana Infantry Regiment, 9th., History, Civil War, 1861-1865, Personal narratives, United States, Campaigns, Military Life, Reconstruction. 1879

[22] The descendants of the French colonists in Louisiana are called creoles; most of them talk French, and I have often met Louisianian regiments talking that language.

Three Months in the Southern States, April-June 1863 Arthur James Lyon Fremantle 1868

* The descendants of the French colonists in Louisiana are called creoles: most of them talk French, and I have often met Louisianian regiments talking that language.

Three Months in the Southern States: April, June, 1863. 1864

Spanish blood of the said order resident therein were sent to those countries at the expense of our very dear son in Christ, Philip, the Catholic king of the Indias, in order that they might labor for the conversion of heathens and the instruction of converts; that moreover in the province and order of the aforesaid brethren in those countries there are very few [brethren] known as creoles [_criolli_], who are fit for the charge of those peoples: Therefore in the letters presented as inserted ahead, in view moreover of the fact that it is impossible to have the law carried out since the creole brethren are not numerous enough to fill the aforesaid offices with the care of souls attached thereto, an appeal has been taken to us and to the apostolic see to have the said decrees set aside.

The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 — Volume 28 of 55 1637-38 Explorations by Early Navigators, Descriptions of the Islands and Their Peoples, Their History and Records of the Catholic Missions, as Related in Contemporaneous Books and Manuscripts, Showing the Political, Economic, Commercial and Religious Conditions of Those Islands from Their Earliest Relations with European Nations to the Close of the Nineteenth Century Emma Helen Blair 1884

As to "mixed languages" -- no hard and fast rule, but creoles are common throughout the world -- Espanglish might be a creole, might be a dialect.

Dialect and Language discussion - pulled from another thread . . . 2009

As to "mixed languages" -- no hard and fast rule, but creoles are common throughout the world -- Espanglish might be a creole, might be a dialect.

Dialect and Language discussion - pulled from another thread . . . 2009