ice-cover

Do diatoms in the Swiss Alps reflect the length of ice-cover?

Effects of climate change on general hydro-ecology in the Arctic 2009

The underwater UV radiation environment changes dramatically with a decrease in snow - and ice-cover duration, especially if this occurs during periods of greatest UV radiation flux and ozone depletion.

Ultraviolet radiation effects on freshwater ecosystems in the Arctic 2009

A number of hydrologic shifts related to climate change will affect lakes and rivers, including seasonal flow patterns, ice-cover thickness and duration, and the frequency and severity of extreme flood events.

Effects of climate change on general hydro-ecology in the Arctic 2009

When days on which navigation is possible are defined by a higher ice-cover percentage, the length of the navigation season increases.

Infrastructure and climate in the Arctic 2009

Owing to the reduced ice-cover season and increased air temperatures during the open-water period, summer water temperatures will very probably rise.

Effects of climate change on general hydro-ecology in the Arctic 2009

Climate change is likely to reduce ice-cover thickness on bodies of water and the resulting ice loading on structures such as bridge piers.

Infrastructure and climate in the Arctic 2009

A very probable increase in winter flows and reduced ice-cover growth is very likely to increase the availability of under-ice habitat.

Key findings, science gaps, and recommendations for freshwater ecosystems in the ACIA 2009

Scenarios predicting an ice-free North Pole by 2025 have been fed into the shredder as the lack of ice-cover and subsequent loss of solar reflectivity lead to faster ever accelerating melting.

Jerry Cope: Breathe Deep the Green Winds of Change, Just in Time 2009

For example, the primary determinant of mechanical strength is insolation-induced decay, which is dependent on solar radiation and ice-cover composition [18].

River and lake ice in the Arctic 2009

Reductions in ice-cover duration and a related increase in the number of open-water re-aeration zones are very likely to reduce the potential for this biologically damaging oxygen depletion.

Effects of climate change on general hydro-ecology in the Arctic 2009