Definitions
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
- noun systematics The condition of being
paraphyletic
Etymologies
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Examples
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Microbat paraphyly and the convergent evolution of a key innovation in Old World rhinolophoid microbats.
We flightless primates Darren Naish 2006
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Microbat paraphyly and the convergent evolution of a key innovation in Old World rhinolophoid microbats.
Archive 2006-08-01 Darren Naish 2006
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We analyzed 286 nucleotides of the middle portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 61 brown bears from three locations in Alaska and 55 polar bears from Arctic Canada and Arctic Siberia to test our earlier observations of paraphyly between polar bears and brown bears as well as to test the extreme uniqueness of mitochondrial DNA types of brown bears on Admiralty, Baranof, and Chichagof ABC islands of southeastern Alaska.
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We predicted that: (1) mtDNA paraphyly between brown bears and polar bears would be upheld, (2) the mtDNA uniqueness of brown bears of the ABC islands would be upheld, and (3) brown bears of the Kenai Peninsula would belong to either clade II or clade III of brown bears of our earlier studies of mtDNA.
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In short, this figure claims paraphyly in the evolution of mammals!
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Hence, cnidarian A, B and C groups could rather branch in paraphyly (figure 4B-2) or in monophyly (figure 4B-3) as sister-group to the whole Hox / ParaHox clade.
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Globally, orthologies of the cnidarian sequences with their bilaterian counterparts are clearer for the "anterior" groups HOX1 and HOX2 (Hox) and GSX (ParaHox) than for the "posterior" Hox and ParaHox groups, cnidarian sequences branching in paraphyly in the latters.
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They are branched in paraphyly, with no statistical support and rather long branches.
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This "monophyly" hypothesis (figure 4B-1) requires the same number of gene gains or losses as the "paraphyly" hypothesis sustained by our phylogeny (figure 4A), both being thus equally parsimonious.
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Cnidarian groups A, B and C branch in paraphyly in respect to bilaterian "posterior" Hox genes (Hox9-14) and form a cnidarian "posterior" Hox group.
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