peer review

from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

• noun The scholarly process whereby manuscripts intended to be published in an academic journal are reviewed by independent researchers (referees) to evaluate the contribution, i.e. the importance, novelty and accuracy of the manuscript's contents.
• verb The reviewing before publication, by an authority or authorities in the pertinent field of study, of the written form of an idea, hypothesis, theory, and/or written discussion of such.

from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

• verb evaluate professionally a colleague's work