pleurapophysis

(_hs_); the vertebral rib is the "pleurapophysis" (_pl_); the sternal rib the "hæmapophysis" (_h_); the uncinate process of the vertebral rib is known as the "diverging appendage" (_a_).

Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology

"We perceive a return to it, as it were, in the early phases of development of the highest organised of the actually existing species, or we ought rather to say that development starts from the old point; and thus, in regard to the scapula, we can explain the constancy of its first appearance close to the head, whether in the human embryo or in that of the swan, also its vertical position to the axis of the spinal column, by its general homology as the rib or 'pleurapophysis' of the occipital vertebra" (_Limbs_, p. 56).

Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology

Hence the ilium is a pleurapophysis, the ischium and pubis are both hæmapophyses.

Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology

Thus the scapula, which is the pleurapophysis of the occipital vertebra, is vertical on its first appearance in the embryo of tetrapoda, and lies close up to the head

Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology

The scapula (with supra-scapula) is the pleurapophysis, the coracoid the hæmapophysis, of the occipital vertebra.

Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology