posttranscriptional

A species of small antisense RNA in posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants.

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Already in the 1960s it was realized that DNA transcripts such as transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA had to be trimmed and matured in a complex enzymatic manner to become functional molecules, and that messenger RNAs of eukaryotes underwent extensive posttranscriptional modification both at their

Gene Rheinberger, Hans-Jörg 2009

This indicated a posttranscriptional, presumably cytoplasmic mechanism.

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In their Nature paper, Fire and Mello did not take a firm stand on the issue of whether dsRNA acts via a transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanism.

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The inhibition of gene activity could take place at the transcriptional level (transcriptional gene silencing, TGS) 11-13, or at the posttranscriptional level (posttranscriptional gene silencing, PTGS) 14-18.

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However, in a follow-up study published in PNAS the same year, Fire provided good evidence for the view that mRNA is the target for dsRNA (recognition via complementary strands), and that the targeted mRNA is degraded prior to translation, i.e. dsRNA exerts its effect at the posttranscriptional level26.

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Furthermore, Fire and Mello made the remark that RNAi could provide an explanation for a phenomenon studied in plants for several years: posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS).

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Transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing are mechanistically related.

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For many years, this thoroughly documented case of posttranscriptional regulation was regarded as an oddity.

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For {approx}1/3 of the pyknons, the intergenic/intronic instances of their reverse complement lie within 380,084 nonoverlapping regions, typically 60–80 nucleotides long, which are predicted to form double-stranded, energetically stable, hairpin-shaped RNA secondary structures; additionally, the pyknons subsume {approx}40% of the known microRNA sequences, thus suggesting a possible link with posttranscriptional gene silencing and RNA interference.

IBM Discovery Could Shed New Light on Workings of the Human Genome - The Panda's Thumb 2006