scabrid

The _fourth glume_ is the dilated base of the awn, awn is about 3/4 inch twisted to half its length, scabrid, the lower twisted part dark and the upper pale.

A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses K. Rangachari

Spikelets are 1 - to 2-flowered, jointed on very short pedicels which bear persistent scabrid or barbed bristles (modified branchlets).

A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses K. Rangachari

The _first glume_ is lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, chartaceous, with seven strong nerves, very prominent at the back and the mid nerve being most conspicuous, with scabrid keels and closely finely ciliated and folded margins, finely biaristate at the apex.

A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses K. Rangachari

The _fourth glume_ is stalked, shorter than the third glume, distinctly 3-toothed at the apex, scabrid at the back above the middle, paleate and male; the _palea_ is smaller than the glume and

A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses K. Rangachari

The _first glume_ is rigidly coriaceous, gradually narrowed from a villous base to an erect scabrid awn, 1-nerved.

A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses K. Rangachari

The _leaf-blade_ is narrow, linear, tapering to a fine point, convolute in bud, scabrid above and smooth below, with a minutely serrate, very narrow, hyaline margin, 1 to 10 inches long and 1/12 inch broad.

A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses K. Rangachari

The _leaf-blade_ is flat, narrowly linear-lanceolate, smooth or scabrid, acuminate, base narrowed, 1 to 3-1/2 inches long and 1/16 to 1/8 inch wide.

A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses K. Rangachari

The _third glume_ is about 1/10 inch, ovate, with a short scabrid awn at the tip, scaberulous at the back just above the middle, 3-nerved, paleate and with both stamens and ovary; _palea_ is narrow, lanceolate, as long as the glume and 2-toothed at the tip.

A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses K. Rangachari

The _fourth glume_ is about half as long as the third glume, with a short, stout, smooth rachilla, ovate-lanceolate, terminated at the tip by two teeth and a short awn, scabrid above the middle at the back, paleate and male; _palea_ is shorter than the glume; the rachilla is produced beyond the fourth glume and terminates in a thickening.

A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses K. Rangachari

The _leaf-blade_ is linear-lanceolate, acuminate or acute, base rounded, glabrous, smooth below, especially in the lower part, and scabrid above and in the upper part, 6 to 12 inches long, by 1/4 to 3/8 inch; the lower leaves have their blades somewhat narrower at the base than in the middle, but the blades in the upper part of the stem and in the middle are of the same breadth; margins are very minutely serrate.

A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses K. Rangachari