spectroradiometers

Ground-based Dobson spectroradiometers have been used since the 1920s, and Brewer spectroradiometers have been introduced more recently to provide both ozone and UV radiation monitoring.

Long-term change and variability in ozone levels in the Arctic

They provide much faster sampling than conventional scanning spectroradiometers, allowing the evaluation of both short - and long-term changes in UV irradiance.

Long-term change and variability in surface UV irradiance in the Arctic

Lantz et al. [2] and Bais et al. [3] reported that similarly calibrated spectroradiometers typically differ by less than 5% in the UV-A spectrum, and by 5 to 10% in the UV-B spectrum.

Long-term change and variability in surface UV irradiance in the Arctic

The measuring instruments fall into three categories: spectroradiometers, multi-filter instruments, and broadband instruments.

Long-term change and variability in surface UV irradiance in the Arctic

However, spectroradiometers are costly and require trained personnel for maintenance and operation.

Long-term change and variability in surface UV irradiance in the Arctic

SUSPEN intercomparison of ultraviolet spectroradiometers.

Long-term change and variability in surface UV irradiance in the Arctic