torculus

From its shape it would seem to be a kind of torculus, but it is often transcribed with the first two notes at the same pitch, suggesting once more a minute interval not expressible in staff notation.

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 10: Mass Music-Newman 1840-1916 1913

On the first syllable of venite the MS. has a clivis instead of the single note of the Roman version, on the second, the punctum and torculus (placed one over the other) are only graphically different from the pes and clivis.

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 10: Mass Music-Newman 1840-1916 1913

On the second syllable of nobis, after the torculus subpunctis already mentioned, we have a clivis with the episema attached to the second note, the clivis being preceded by two short puncta and followed by a long one.

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 10: Mass Music-Newman 1840-1916 1913

Thus at the end of the Alleluia neuma it joins the virga to form a clivis, and at the end of the neuma on nobis the podatus of the MS. is changed into a torculus.

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 10: Mass Music-Newman 1840-1916 1913

The episematic torculus is seen in the final neuma of nobis (before the first trigon).

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 10: Mass Music-Newman 1840-1916 1913

Of liquescent neums we find the epiphonus on the second syllable of diem and the third of celebrantes, the cephalicus on the first of omnes, a pes subbipunctis liquescens (the first punctum connected with the pes in the manner of a torculus and the second, liquescent, bent back to the left) on the second syllable of collaudant and a porrectus compunctis liquescens on the last syllable of filium.

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 10: Mass Music-Newman 1840-1916 1913

The first sign in the same neuma is also an episematic torculus followed by another long punctum.

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 10: Mass Music-Newman 1840-1916 1913

Thus even the clivis (more correctly clinis) was at an early period called virga flexa, and the torculus could be considered as a pes flexus.

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 10: Mass Music-Newman 1840-1916 1913

The torculus is seen on the first syllable of adimplens, first syllable of docente (fourth line), etc. On the first syllable of celsa we have the torculus liquescens, the last gravis being shortened.

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 10: Mass Music-Newman 1840-1916 1913

There are two forms of the torculus, one with sharp angles, on the first syllable of domino, the second of honore (where it is preceded by a punctum), etc.; the other rounded, on the third syllable of honore and the fourth of passione.

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 10: Mass Music-Newman 1840-1916 1913