upper-layer

The outflow occurs partly at depth through the overflows and partly as surface (or upper-layer) outflow through the Canadian Archipelago and the East Greenland Current.

Ocean processes of climatic importance in the Arctic 2009

If the rate at which upper-layer water is converted to deeper-layer water is constant, the interface will rise until it can drive an overflow with a volume flux that equals the ventilation rate.

Ocean processes of climatic importance in the Arctic 2009

During the 1970s, an upper-layer surface salinity minimum was observed in different regions of the North Atlantic [38].

Variability in hydrographic properties and currents in the Arctic 2009

The disappearance of sea-ice cover in the Arctic in summer, as projected by the CGCM2 model by 2050, will have far reaching effects on upper-layer circulation and water properties.

Anticipated changes in physical conditions in the Arctic 2009

Part of the boundary current continues as an upper-layer flow along the continental slope to Fram Strait.

Ocean processes of climatic importance in the Arctic 2009

The outflow occurs partly at depth through the overflows and partly as surface (or upper-layer) outflow through the Canadian Archipelago and the East Greenland Current.

Variability in hydrographic properties and currents in the Arctic 2009

At that stage, the upper-layer water sinks and is transferred to the deeper layer.

Ocean processes of climatic importance in the Arctic 2009

When upper-layer water is converted to deeper-layer water at a certain ventilation rate (in m3/s), an overflow and an Atlantic inflow are therefore generated which have the same volume flux on long timescales.

Ocean processes of climatic importance in the Arctic 2009

I ended up inverting the upper-layer cake just to get a flat surface on top, and then there was this noticeable gap between the 2 layers at the sides where they wouldnt meet.

double chocolate layer cake | smitten kitchen 2007

It will do so in conjunction with the peak and off-peaks loads of its upper-layer grid source as well, giving the extended grid even more reliability, according to Pike Research.

CNET News.com 2011