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Examples
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Qarluq Turk domain, the Qarluq ruler, Bilga Kul Qadyr, in 840 declared himself “qaghan,” the rightful leader and protector of all Turkic tribes, and changed the name of his kingdom and dynasty to Qarakhanid (Karakhanid).
chained_bear commented on the word Karakhanid
"The Kirghiz defeat of the Uighurs in 840 prompted the mass migration of the core Uighur populations out of Mongolia south to Turfan and Ganzhou, where they formed smaller successor states called the Uighur Kaghanates. In the aftermath of 840 another tribal confederacy formed: contemporary documents refer to them as 'khans' or 'kaghans,' and modern scholars call them the Karakhanids to distinguish them from other Turkic peoples. Sometime before 955 their leader Satuq Bughra Khan converted to Islam, and his son continued both his military campaigns and the effort to convert the Turkic peoples to Islam. In 960 Muslim chronicles record that '200,000 tents of the Turks' converted to Islam. The chronicles do not specify which Turks they mean or where exactly they were based, but modern scholars assume this passage refers to the Karakhanids, based in Kashgar, 350 miles (500 km) west of Khotan. After the Karakhanid conversion, they ordered their armies to destroy any existing non-Muslim structures, including Buddhist temples."
--Valerie Hansen, The Silk Road: A New History (Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 2012), 226-227
January 4, 2017