rheumatic fever

from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.

• noun An acute inflammatory disease occurring during recovery from infection with a strain of streptococcus bacteria, having an onset marked by fever and joint pain and frequently resulting in scarring of the heart valves.

from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

• noun an inflammation of the joints and the heart following a respiratory infection with streptococcus

from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

• noun a severe disease chiefly of children and characterized by painful inflammation of the joints and frequently damage to the heart valves