Definitions
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.
- noun A colorless crystalline amine, C8H11NO, found in mistletoe, putrefied animal tissue, certain cheeses, and ergot and also produced synthetically, used in medicine as a sympathomimetic agent.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
- noun chemistry a
phenolic amine , 4-hydroxy-phenethylamine, derived from theamino acid tyrosine , found in variousfoodstuffs and used as asympathomimetic agent
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- noun amino acid derived from tyrosine; has a sympathomimetic action; found in chocolate and cola drinks and ripe cheese and beer
Etymologies
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
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Examples
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Foods such as aged cheeses, cured meats, tofu and draught beer all contain high levels of tyramine, which is usually broken down by MAO; inhibiting this process causes blood pressure to rise and has in the past led to fatal hypertension.
unknown title 2011
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"But people who are prone to migraines often find that the amino acid tyramine, which is sometimes found in soy, citrus fruits, bananas, yogurt and nuts, can prompt a headache," said Merle Diamond, M.D., co-director of the Diamond Headache Clinic in Chicago.
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Sir Henry's researches have involved a painstaking investigation of the pharmacology of ergot alkaloids and a study of the effects of incidental bases of a simpler nature, such as tyramine and histamine.
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Food additives such as tyramine, monosodium glutamate (MSG) or nitrates.
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In a retrospective study by Rabkin and associates, the most frequently occurring adverse effects included hypertensive reactions (some of these were due to inadvertent consumption of foods containing tyramine or concurrent use of catecholamine-containing drugs), orthostatic hypotension, hypomania, weight gain and sexual dysfunction. 2 In most cases adverse effects were controlled with dosage adjustments.
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"Effect of tyramine in migraine; a double-blind study."
Leo Galland, M.D.: Food And Drink That Cause Headaches M.D. Leo Galland 2011
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"Two controlled trials of tyramine in children with migraine."
Leo Galland, M.D.: Food And Drink That Cause Headaches M.D. Leo Galland 2011
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The stuff in chocolate said to be pharmacologically significant — serotonin, tryptophan, phenylethylamine, tyramine and cannabinoids — exist in higher concentrations in other foods with less appeal than chocolate.
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I am taking a MAO inhibitor drug and tyramine is to be avoided.
6-Week Cure blog idea | The Blog of Michael R. Eades, M.D. 2009
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Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenathylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate.
OUR BODIES, OURSELVES The Boston Women’s Health Book Collective 2005
bilby commented on the word tyramine
This sounds like the fun amino acid.
July 22, 2008
dontcry commented on the word tyramine
*singing*
Chocolate and cola
and ripecheese and bee-er
these are some things that
I hold oh so dee-ar..
July 22, 2008
frogapplause commented on the word tyramine
High tyramine content foods include: aged cheeses (cheddar, camembert, emmenthaler, brie, stilton blue, gruyere, gouda, brick, bleu, roquefort, boursault, parmesan, romano, provolone, liederdranz, colby, edam), aged/dried/fermented/salted/smoked/pickled/processed meats and fish (includes bacon, summer sausage, liverwurst, hot dogs, corned beef, pepperoni, salami, bologna, ham, mortadella, pickled or dried herring), banana peel, beef and chicken liver (stored, not fresh), bouillon cubes, commercial gravies, concentrated yeast extracts (MARMITE), fava beans, Italian green beans, broad beans, fermented bean curd, homemade yeast-leavened bread, kim chee (Korean fermented cabbage), miso, orange pulp, overripe or spoiled fruits, packaged soups, red wine, sauerkraut, sherry, snow pea pods, sourdough bread, soy sauce, soya bean, soya bean paste, tap beer and ale, vermouth.
*notice that I placed "marmite" in all CAPS.
July 22, 2008
frogapplause commented on the word tyramine
I know about tyramine because I had to avoid foods high in tyramine for a year. Tyramine is metabolized in the liver. If one is taking meds that already tax the liver (such as INH), all that extra tyramine makes the liver work even harder.
July 22, 2008
dontcry commented on the word tyramine
That sucks...
July 22, 2008
frogapplause commented on the word tyramine
It wasn't so bad, dontcry. Think about it... how hard would it be to give up eating BANANA PEEL and MARMITE?!
July 22, 2008
bilby commented on the word tyramine
I hope you're better now frogapplause. No one should miss aut on sauerkraut.
July 22, 2008
chained_bear commented on the word tyramine
You could also put in caps fermented bean curd--a.k.a. natto. *horks on frogapplause's behalf*
July 22, 2008
bilby commented on the word tyramine
I think I'd like to try natto. Description sounds like Indonesian taucho which I used to like. Hard to find in some of the places I've been living.
July 22, 2008
yarb commented on the word tyramine
Yum! I'm going to do a tyramine-themed dinner. Broad beans, sauerkraut, stinky cheese and black swiss sausage... *drools*
July 22, 2008
frogapplause commented on the word tyramine
yarb: don't forget to served spoiled fruit for dessert.
July 23, 2008
chained_bear commented on the word tyramine
Bilby: try any good sushi restaurant. You probably knew that already. But don't try it if you're on liver medication.
Or, you know, if you have any taste buds.
July 23, 2008
yarb commented on the word tyramine
I'm not joking, frogga! The banana peel, overripe fruits and marmite are the only things here I'm not so keen on. I haven't tried natto.
Does tyramine have nutritional value, other than making food taste awesome?
July 23, 2008
dontcry commented on the word tyramine
Maybe they should call it "nast-o" as a heads-up...
July 23, 2008
chevynova22003 commented on the word tyramine
IF YOU TAKE MEDICATION CALLED NARDIL
I THINK YOU WILL WANT TO AVOID ALL TYRAMINE IN YOUR DIET THAT YOU CAN ,IT HAS THE MOST ADVERSE SIDE AFFECT
DEATH....IF ENOUGH IS CONSUMED OR THE WRONG MEDICATION,,
August 4, 2008
plethora commented on the word tyramine
Whoa. No need to get so worked up! What's a little fatality between friends?
August 4, 2008
sionnach commented on the word tyramine
The reason for the interaction is that Nardil is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. MAO is necessary to break down tyramine, so inhibiting its action can cause tyramine levels to become dangerously high. Excessive levels of tyramine can result in a hypertensive crisis, that is, elevation of blood pressure to levels which are life-threatening.
Put more succinctly:
Nardil + Marmite =
August 4, 2008
bilby commented on the word tyramine
chevynova22003, if death is a side effect, what is the main effect?
August 4, 2008
reesetee commented on the word tyramine
Typing in all caps?
August 5, 2008