Definitions

from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.

  • noun A set of four persons or items.
  • noun Mathematics Any number of the form a + bi + cj + dk where a, b, c, and d are real numbers, ij = k, i2 = j2 = −1, and ij = −ji. Under addition and multiplication, quaternions have all the properties of a field, except multiplication is not commutative.

from The Century Dictionary.

  • noun A set, group, or body of four: applied to persons or things.
  • noun A word of four syllables; a quadrisyllable.
  • noun A fourfold quantity capable of being expressed in the form xi + yj + zk + w, where x, y, z, w are scalars, or real numbers, while i, j, k are vectors, or quantities whose squares are negative scalars. The calculus of such quantities is termed quaternions.
  • To divide into quaternions, files, or companies.
  • noun In book-making, a set or ‘gathering’ of four sheets of paper or parchment folded in two.

from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English.

  • noun Poetic The number four.
  • noun A set of four parts, things, or person; four things taken collectively; a group of four words, phrases, circumstances, facts, or the like.
  • noun A word of four syllables; a quadrisyllable.
  • noun (Math.) The quotient of two vectors, or of two directed right lines in space, considered as depending on four geometrical elements, and as expressible by an algebraic symbol of quadrinomial form.
  • transitive verb To divide into quaternions, files, or companies.

from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

  • noun the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

Etymologies

from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition

[Middle English quaternioun, from Late Latin quaterniō, quaterniōn-, from Latin quaternī, by fours, from quater, four times; see kwetwer- in Indo-European roots.]

from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License

From Middle English quaternioun, from Late Latin quaterniō, from quaternī (ablative form of quater, “four times”) + -iōn, “-ion”.

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Examples

  • Outside the quaternion were the dancing Pauppukkeewis, the Whirlwind, and the fierce and shifty hero, Monobozho, the North-West

    Nature Mysticism John Edward Mercer 1889

  • But we would maintain, nevertheless, that it is the identical book, and explain this variation in the description by the circumstance that the library having, in the space of nearly two centuries, been materially enriched, numerous works, consisting in many cases only of a single "quaternion," were inserted in the volumes already existing.

    Notes and Queries, Number 02, November 10, 1849 Various

  • In [[mathematics]], a '' 'quaternion' '' is a four-dimensional [[object]] important in

    Conservapedia - Recent changes [en] ReligiousRight 2010

  • Go to the use of a better (higher group symmetry) modern electrodynamics model (such as quaternion electrodynamics, very close to Maxwell's original theory), and the operation of such asymmetric systems now is included (as it was and is in Maxwell's original 20 quaternion-like equations in 20 unknowns).

    ZPEnergy.com 2010

  • It happens we both suffer from quaternion headaches, though his remedy, cold beet, was one I have not yet tried.

    Caledonian Excavations Young Geoffrion 2007

  • It happens we both suffer from quaternion headaches, though his remedy, cold beet, was one I have not yet tried.

    Archive 2007-07-01 Young Geoffrion 2007

  • Whence it appears that in the structure of the universe the motions of living creatures are generally effected by a quaternion of limbs or of bendings.

    The New Organon 2005

  • Farther he avers the virtue of ten consists in the quaternion; the reason whereof is this, — if any person start from one, and add numbers so as to take in the quaternary, he shall complete the number ten; if he passes the four, he shall go beyond the ten; for one, two, three, and four being added up together make ten.

    Essays and Miscellanies 2004

  • Bacon's bi-quaternion theory necessarily refers to the sublunary as well as to the superlunary world.

    Francis Bacon Klein, Juergen 2003

  • The quaternion theory functions in Bacon's thought as a constructive element for constituting his own theory of planetary movement and a general theory of physics.

    Francis Bacon Klein, Juergen 2003

Comments

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  • Any number of the form a + bi + cj + dk where a, b, c, and d are real numbers, ij = k, i2 = j2 = -1, and ij = -ji. Under addition and multiplication, quaternions have all the properties of a field, except that multiplication is not commutative.

    Introduced by my compatriot, the mathematician Sir William Rowan Hamilton in 1843.

    In modern language, quaternions form a 4-dimensional normed division algebra over the real numbers. The algebra of quaternions is often denoted by H (for Hamilton). It can also be given the Clifford algebra classifications Cℓ0,2(R) = Cℓ03,0(R). The algebra H holds a special place in analysis since, according to the Frobenius theorem, it is one of only three finite-dimensional division rings containing the real numbers as a subring.

    December 7, 2007

  • So is WeirdNet just plain wrong, or can quaternion also mean four?

    October 27, 2008

  • Some dictionaries (mainly Webster's, or those that borrow from Webster's) do include four as one of the definitions, though "a set of four objects" seems to make more sense.

    Quaternions apparently provide a useful parameterization of the space of three-dimensional rotations, one which avoids the potential problem of gimbal lock. As I understand it, the obvious method of specifying a rotation through its three Euler angles is problematic because this parameterization is degenerate at some points on the relevant hypersphere, leading to gimbal lock. This degeneracy is an unavoidable consequence of the so-called hairy ball theorem of algebraic topology, and is analogous to the breakdown of lines of latitude and longitude at the poles.

    October 27, 2008

  • ""Yes! Russell and Whitehead. It's like this: when mathematicians began fooling around with things like the square root of negative one, and quaternions, then they were no longer dealing with things that you could translate into sticks and bottlecaps. And yet they were still getting sound results."

    Cryptonomicon by Neal Stephenson, p 18 of the Avon Books paperback edition

    January 21, 2013

  • The great breakthrough in quaternions finally came on Monday 16 October 1843 in Dublin, when Hamilton was on his way to the Royal Irish Academy where he was going to preside at a council meeting. As he walked along the towpath of the Royal Canal with his wife, the concepts behind quaternions were taking shape in his mind. When the answer dawned on him, Hamilton could not resist the urge to carve the formula for the quaternions . . . into the stone of Brougham Bridge as he paused on it. Although the carving has since faded away, there has been an annual pilgrimage since 1989 called the Hamilton Walk for scientists and mathematicians who walk from Dunsink Observatory to the Royal Canal bridge in remembrance of Hamilton's discovery.

    -- from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quaternion&oldid=936892795

    January 24, 2020