Comments by maryw

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  • Good idea, bilby. I just came across "cling film" (actually "cling filmed") in a British novel. Of course I could tell it was what we call Saran(TM) Wrap, plastic wrap, or cling wrap, but I liked learning that the Brits call it cling film.

    June 1, 2016

  • The study of the ethical, legal and social implications of neuroscience is being referred to “neuroethics.” Many types of brain research have, or will have, legal implications. However, this article will focus on the privacy concerns with respect to mental and cerebral functioning as delineated through brain imaging and other neurodiagnostic techniques—or what will be referred to here as “neuroprivacy.”
    N.Y. City Bar Ass'n, Committee on Science and Law, Are Your Thoughts Your Own?: Neuroprivacy and the Legal Implications of Brain Imaging (June 2005).

    June 1, 2016

  • In 2005, The Committee on Science and Law considered possible legal implications of neural engineering. An emphasis was put on privacy implications of neural imaging, in particular on the use of neural imaging in non-medical research. The committee recognized neuromarketing, defined as the field of marketing research that studies consumers’ sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective response to marketing stimuli and brain fingerprinting, defined as a technique that purports to determine the truth by detecting information stored in the brain, as emerging non-medical areas using neural imaging data.
    Tamara Bonaci, Ryan Calo & Howard Jay Chizeck, App Stores for the Brain: Privacy & Security in Brain-Computer Interfaces, 2014 IEEE Int’l Symp. on Ethics in Sci., Tech. & Eng’rg at 1-7, reprinted in IEEE Tech. & Soc’y Mag., June 2015, at 32-39 (citing N.Y. City Bar Ass'n, Committee on Science and Law, Are Your Thoughts Your Own?: Neuroprivacy and the Legal Implications of Brain Imaging (June 2005)).

    June 1, 2016

  • In 2005, The Committee on Science and Law considered possible legal implications of neural engineering. An emphasis was put on privacy implications of neural imaging, in particular on the use of neural imaging in non-medical research. The committee recognized neuromarketing, defined as the field of marketing research that studies consumers’ sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective response to marketing stimuli and brain fingerprinting, defined as a technique that purports to determine the truth by detecting information stored in the brain, as emerging non-medical areas using neural imaging data.
    Tamara Bonaci, Ryan Calo & Howard Jay Chizeck, App Stores for the Brain: Privacy & Security in Brain-Computer Interfaces, 2014 IEEE Int’l Symp. on Ethics in Sci., Tech. & Eng’rg at 1-7, reprinted in IEEE Tech. & Soc’y Mag., June 2015, at 32-39 (citing N.Y. City Bar Ass'n, Committee on Science and Law, Are Your Thoughts Your Own?: Neuroprivacy and the Legal Implications of Brain Imaging (June 2005)).

    June 1, 2016

  • In 2005, The Committee on Science and Law considered possible legal implications of neural engineering. An emphasis was put on privacy implications of neural imaging, in particular on the use of neural imaging in non-medical research. The committee recognized neuromarketing, defined as the field of marketing research that studies consumers’ sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective response to marketing stimuli and brain fingerprinting, defined as a technique that purports to determine the truth by detecting information stored in the brain, as emerging non-medical areas using neural imaging data.
    Tamara Bonaci, Ryan Calo & Howard Jay Chizeck, App Stores for the Brain: Privacy & Security in Brain-Computer Interfaces, 2014 IEEE Int’l Symp. on Ethics in Sci., Tech. & Eng’rg at 1-7, reprinted in IEEE Tech. & Soc’y Mag., June 2015, at 32-39 (citing N.Y. City Bar Ass'n, Committee on Science and Law, Are Your Thoughts Your Own?: Neuroprivacy and the Legal Implications of Brain Imaging (June 2005)).

    June 1, 2016

  • In 2005, The Committee on Science and Law considered possible legal implications of neural engineering. An emphasis was put on privacy implications of neural imaging, in particular on the use of neural imaging in non-medical research. The committee recognized neuromarketing, defined as the field of marketing research that studies consumers’ sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective response to marketing stimuli and brain fingerprinting, defined as a technique that purports to determine the truth by detecting information stored in the brain, as emerging non-medical areas using neural imaging data.
    Tamara Bonaci, Ryan Calo & Howard Jay Chizeck, App Stores for the Brain: Privacy & Security in Brain-Computer Interfaces, 2014 IEEE Int’l Symp. on Ethics in Sci., Tech. & Eng’rg at 1-7, reprinted in IEEE Tech. & Soc’y Mag., June 2015, at 32-39 (citing N.Y. City Bar Ass'n, Committee on Science and Law, Are Your Thoughts Your Own?: Neuroprivacy and the Legal Implications of Brain Imaging (June 2005)).

    June 1, 2016

  • In 2003, Jonsen introduced neuroethics as "a discipline that aligns the exploration and discovery of neurobiological knowledge with human value system".

    Tamara Bonaci, Ryan Calo & Howard Jay Chizeck, App Stores for the Brain: Privacy & Security in Brain-Computer Interfaces, 2014 IEEE Int’l Symp. on Ethics in Sci., Tech. & Eng’rg at 1-7, reprinted in IEEE Tech. & Soc’y Mag., June 2015, at 32-39 (citing A.r. Jonsen, The Birth of Bioethics (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2003)).

    June 1, 2016

  • As BCI technology spreads further (towards becoming ubiquitous), it is easy to imagine more sophisticated "spying" applications being developed for nefarious purposes. Leveraging recent neuroscience results . . ., it may be possible to extract private informaiton about users' memories, prejudices, religious and political beliefs, as well as about their possible neurophysiological disorders. The extracted information could be used to manipulate or coerce users, or otherwise harm them. The impact of "brain malware" could be severe, in terms of privacy and other important values.
    Tamara Bonaci, Ryan Calo & Howard Jay Chizeck, App Stores for the Brain: Privacy & Security in Brain-Computer Interfaces, 2014 IEEE Int’l Symp. on Ethics in Sci., Tech. & Eng’rg at 1-7, reprinted in IEEE Tech. & Soc’y Mag., June 2015, at 32-39.

    June 1, 2016

  • Experiential Technology “XTech” is technology that directly improves the human experience.

    XTech products combine digital technology with advances in neuroscience to improve human performance, including neurogaming applications. XTech products are impacting several $100B+ year industries including health, wellness, learning, training, sports and entertainment, creating massive new growth opportunities.

    XTech is made possible because of the emergence of new digital technologies, including: digital reality systems - virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mix reality (MR), artificial intelligence and deep learning algorithms, advanced robotics, and a wide variety of new sensor technologies. XTech companies are fusing these digital technologies with evolving neuroscience principals to achieve improvements in human performance in fundamentally new ways.

    At XTech 2016, we will explore how XTech is creating entirely new markets such as digital therapeutics, validated neurowellness, accelerated learning and experiential entertainment. We are bringing together the leading entrepreneurs, investors and companies in all these new markets to show their XTech and share their journey on the road to success.

    When we first coined the phrase “neurogaming” five years ago and put together a small San Francisco conference around the concept, “neurogaming” proved to be an effective meme for gathering a lot of like minded individuals coming from across a wide variety of professions and industries who were interested in leveraging neurosciences and new digital engagement technologies.

    While neurogaming is still a very useful description for many applications, whether "therapeutic neurogaming", "wellness neurogaming", "educational neurogaming" or "entertainment neurogaming", it wasn’t capturing profound breadth of applications that are now emerging which are leveraging digital technology coupled with advances in neuroscience to positively impact the human experience.

    . . .it was important to evolve the neurogaming meme into some that could be much larger and would attract a larger community.

    This new meme is Experiential Technology, XTech, a phrase which we believe represents a whole new wave of technologies that will shape our world in very profound ways over the next decade.

    Experience XTech, www.neurgamingconf.com (visited June 1, 2016).

    June 1, 2016

  • Experiential Technology “XTech” is technology that directly improves the human experience.

    XTech products combine digital technology with advances in neuroscience to improve human performance, including neurogaming applications. XTech products are impacting several $100B+ year industries including health, wellness, learning, training, sports and entertainment, creating massive new growth opportunities.

    XTech is made possible because of the emergence of new digital technologies, including: digital reality systems - virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mix reality (MR), artificial intelligence and deep learning algorithms, advanced robotics, and a wide variety of new sensor technologies. XTech companies are fusing these digital technologies with evolving neuroscience principals to achieve improvements in human performance in fundamentally new ways.

    At XTech 2016, we will explore how XTech is creating entirely new markets such as digital therapeutics, validated neurowellness, accelerated learning and experiential entertainment. We are bringing together the leading entrepreneurs, investors and companies in all these new markets to show their XTech and share their journey on the road to success.

    When we first coined the phrase “neurogaming” five years ago and put together a small San Francisco conference around the concept, “neurogaming” proved to be an effective meme for gathering a lot of like minded individuals coming from across a wide variety of professions and industries who were interested in leveraging neurosciences and new digital engagement technologies.

    While neurogaming is still a very useful description for many applications, whether "therapeutic neurogaming", "wellness neurogaming", "educational neurogaming" or "entertainment neurogaming", it wasn’t capturing profound breadth of applications that are now emerging which are leveraging digital technology coupled with advances in neuroscience to positively impact the human experience.

    . . .it was important to evolve the neurogaming meme into some that could be much larger and would attract a larger community.

    This new meme is Experiential Technology, XTech, a phrase which we believe represents a whole new wave of technologies that will shape our world in very profound ways over the next decade.

    Experience XTech, www.neurgamingconf.com (visited June 1, 2016).

    June 1, 2016

  • When we first coined the phrase “neurogaming” five years ago and put together a small San Francisco conference around the concept, “neurogaming” proved to be an effective meme for gathering a lot of like minded individuals coming from across a wide variety of professions and industries who were interested in leveraging neurosciences and new digital engagement technologies.

    While neurogaming is still a very useful description for many applications, whether "therapeutic neurogaming", "wellness neurogaming", "educational neurogaming" or "entertainment neurogaming", it wasn’t capturing profound breadth of applications that are now emerging which are leveraging digital technology coupled with advances in neuroscience to positively impact the human experience.

    . . .it was important to evolve the neurogaming meme into some that could be much larger and would attract a larger community.

    This new meme is Experiential Technology, XTech, a phrase which we believe represents a whole new wave of technologies that will shape our world in very profound ways over the next decade.

    Experience XTech, www.neurgamingconf.com (visited June 1, 2016).

    June 1, 2016

  • When we first coined the phrase “neurogaming” five years ago and put together a small San Francisco conference around the concept, “neurogaming” proved to be an effective meme for gathering a lot of like minded individuals coming from across a wide variety of professions and industries who were interested in leveraging neurosciences and new digital engagement technologies.

    While neurogaming is still a very useful description for many applications, whether "therapeutic neurogaming", "wellness neurogaming", "educational neurogaming" or "entertainment neurogaming", it wasn’t capturing profound breadth of applications that are now emerging which are leveraging digital technology coupled with advances in neuroscience to positively impact the human experience.

    . . .it was important to evolve the neurogaming meme into some that could be much larger and would attract a larger community.

    This new meme is Experiential Technology, XTech, a phrase which we believe represents a whole new wave of technologies that will shape our world in very profound ways over the next decade.

    Experience XTech, www.neurgamingconf.com (visited June 1, 2016).

    June 1, 2016

  • When we first coined the phrase “neurogaming” five years ago and put together a small San Francisco conference around the concept, “neurogaming” proved to be an effective meme for gathering a lot of like minded individuals coming from across a wide variety of professions and industries who were interested in leveraging neurosciences and new digital engagement technologies.

    While neurogaming is still a very useful description for many applications, whether "therapeutic neurogaming", "wellness neurogaming", "educational neurogaming" or "entertainment neurogaming", it wasn’t capturing profound breadth of applications that are now emerging which are leveraging digital technology coupled with advances in neuroscience to positively impact the human experience.

    . . .it was important to evolve the neurogaming meme into some that could be much larger and would attract a larger community.

    This new meme is Experiential Technology, XTech, a phrase which we believe represents a whole new wave of technologies that will shape our world in very profound ways over the next decade.

    Experience XTech, www.neurgamingconf.com (visited June 1, 2016).

    June 1, 2016

  • When we first coined the phrase “neurogaming” five years ago and put together a small San Francisco conference around the concept, “neurogaming” proved to be an effective meme for gathering a lot of like minded individuals coming from across a wide variety of professions and industries who were interested in leveraging neurosciences and new digital engagement technologies.

    While neurogaming is still a very useful description for many applications, whether "therapeutic neurogaming", "wellness neurogaming", "educational neurogaming" or "entertainment neurogaming", it wasn’t capturing profound breadth of applications that are now emerging which are leveraging digital technology coupled with advances in neuroscience to positively impact the human experience.

    . . .it was important to evolve the neurogaming meme into some that could be much larger and would attract a larger community.

    This new meme is Experiential Technology, XTech, a phrase which we believe represents a whole new wave of technologies that will shape our world in very profound ways over the next decade.

    Experience XTech, www.neurgamingconf.com (visited June 1, 2016).

    June 1, 2016

  • When we first coined the phrase “neurogaming” five years ago and put together a small San Francisco conference around the concept, “neurogaming” proved to be an effective meme for gathering a lot of like minded individuals coming from across a wide variety of professions and industries who were interested in leveraging neurosciences and new digital engagement technologies.

    While neurogaming is still a very useful description for many applications, whether "therapeutic neurogaming", "wellness neurogaming", "educational neurogaming" or "entertainment neurogaming", it wasn’t capturing profound breadth of applications that are now emerging which are leveraging digital technology coupled with advances in neuroscience to positively impact the human experience.

    . . .it was important to evolve the neurogaming meme into some that could be much larger and would attract a larger community.

    This new meme is Experiential Technology, XTech, a phrase which we believe represents a whole new wave of technologies that will shape our world in very profound ways over the next decade.

    Experience XTech, www.neurgamingconf.com (visited June 1, 2016).

    June 1, 2016

  • She wore a fluttering white garden party dress—it looked as though it were made of spun sugar—lace gloves, lace hat, lace parasol which she twirledcoquettishly, and a lace fichu which she kept dropping to be retrieved by the pimpled gallants of St. Boniface.

    Patrick Dennis, Auntie Mame (New York: Broadway Books, 2001), p. 65 (orig. pub. 1955)

    June 1, 2016

  • But conversant as she was with the decorative arts of France, Auntie Mame's heart was more with the Bauhaus of Munich than with the rocaille and coquaille.

    For a time, however, she was able to fight down her progressive impulses and string along with the staff at Elsie de Wolfe's, chirping prettily over dim ormolu wall sconces and inaccurate cupid clocks.

    Patrick Dennis, Auntie Mame (New York: Broadway Books, 2001), p. 43 (orig. pub. 1955)

    June 1, 2016

  • But conversant as she was with the decorative arts of France, Auntie Mame's heart was more with the Bauhaus of Munich than with the rocaille and coquaille.

    For a time, however, she was able to fight down her progressive impulses and string along with the staff at Elsie de Wolfe's, chirping prettily over dim ormolu wall sconces and inaccurate cupid clocks.

    Patrick Dennis, Auntie Mame (New York: Broadway Books, 2001), p. 43 (orig. pub. 1955)

    June 1, 2016

  • But conversant as she was with the decorative arts of France, Auntie Mame's heart was more with the Bauhaus of Munich than with the rocaille and coquaille.

    For a time, however, she was able to fight down her progressive impulses and string along with the staff at Elsie de Wolfe's, chirping prettily over dim ormolu wall sconces and inaccurate cupid clocks.

    Patrick Dennis, Auntie Mame (New York: Broadway Books, 2001), p. 43 (orig. pub. 1955)

    June 1, 2016

  • My father made a passing reference to the uncanny-valley response—the human aversion to things that look almost but not quite like people. The uncanny-valley response is a hard thing to define, much less to test for. But if true, it explains why the faces of chimps so unsettle some of us.
    Karen Joy Fowler, We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons (Penguin Group): 2013), p. 102

    May 30, 2016

  • one of my most prized possessions was the skull of a woodcock, a probing bird, with enormous eye sockets and a distinctively pitted bill tip. These pits can be seen only after the leathery outer covering of the bill—the ramphotheca—has been removed.
    Tim Birkhead, Bird Sense: What It's Like to Be a Bird (New York: Walker & Co., 2012), p. 83-84.

    May 30, 2016

  • The bill-tip organ was discovered by the French anatomist D. E. Goujon in 1869. . . . this organ consists of a series of pits in the upper and lower beak, full of touch-sensitive cells.
    Tim Birkhead, Bird Sense: What It's Like to Be a Bird (New York: Walker & Co., 2012), p. 76.

    May 30, 2016

  • There are three types of feather. The most abundant and obvious are the contour feathers: these include the long, strong wing and tail feathers, but also the short feathers that cover the body and rictal bristles around the mouth. The second type are fluffy, down feathers, lying out of sight under the contour feathers close to the body. Their role is to act primarily as insulation . . . . The third type of feather is much less familiar and you are likely only to have noticed them if you have ever plucked a bird like a chicken or a pigeon. Once all the contour and down feathers have been removed, what's left are the filoplumes, fine hair-like feathers sparsely dotted over the entire body surface and always rooted close to the base of a contour feather.
    Tim Birkhead, Bird Sense: What It's Like to Be a Bird (New York: Walker & Co., 2012), p. 83-84.

    May 30, 2016

  • There are three types of feather. The most abundant and obvious are the contour feathers: these include the long, strong wing and tail feathers, but also the short feathers that cover the body and rictal bristles around the mouth. The second type are fluffy, down feathers, lying out of sight under the contour feathers close to the body. Their role is to act primarily as insulation . . . . The third type of feather is much less familiar and you are likely only to have noticed them if you have ever plucked a bird like a chicken or a pigeon. Once all the contour and down feathers have been removed, what's left are the filoplumes, fine hair-like feathers sparsely dotted over the entire body surface and always rooted close to the base of a contour feather.
    Tim Birkhead, Bird Sense: What It's Like to Be a Bird (New York: Walker & Co., 2012), p. 83-84.

    May 30, 2016

  • There are three types of feather. The most abundant and obvious are the contour feathers: these include the long, strong wing and tail feathers, but also the short feathers that cover the body and rictal bristles around the mouth. The second type are fluffy, down feathers, lying out of sight under the contour feathers close to the body. Their role is to act primarily as insulation . . . . The third type of feather is much less familiar and you are likely only to have noticed them if you have ever plucked a bird like a chicken or a pigeon. Once all the contour and down feathers have been removed, what's left are the filoplumes, fine hair-like feathers sparsely dotted over the entire body surface and always rooted close to the base of a contour feather.
    Tim Birkhead, Bird Sense: What It's Like to Be a Bird (New York: Walker & Co., 2012), p. 83-84.

    <blockquote>in a number of birds, most obviously nightjars, oilbirds and flycatchers, on the corners of the mouth is an array of stiff, hair-like bristles. These are modified contour feathers, called <b>rictal</b> (mouth) <b>bristles</b>, and the presence of a well-developed nerve supply at their base betrays their sensory function.</blockquote><i>Id.</i>, p. 85.

    May 30, 2016

  • There are three types of feather. The most abundant and obvious are the contour feathers: these include the long, strong wing and tail feathers, but also the short feathers that cover the body and rictal bristles around the mouth. The second type are fluffy, down feathers, lying out of sight under the contour feathers close to the body. Their role is to act primarily as insulation . . . . The third type of feather is much less familiar and you are likely only to have noticed them if you have ever plucked a bird like a chicken or a pigeon. Once all the contour and down feathers have been removed, what's left are the filoplumes, fine hair-like feathers sparsely dotted over the entire body surface and always rooted close to the base of a contour feather.
    Tim Birkhead, Bird Sense: What It's Like to Be a Bird (New York: Walker & Co., 2012), p. 83-84.

    May 30, 2016

  • Ornithologists refer to one individual preening another as allopreening ('allo' meaning 'other'), to distinguish it from the more usual self-preening.
    Tim Birkhead, Bird Sense: What It's Like to Be a Bird (New York: Walker & Co., 2012), p. 75

    May 30, 2016

  • Increasing the volume of sounds uttered in a noisy environment is actually a reflex known as the <b>Lombard effect</b>, named after Etienne Lombard, a French ear, nose and throat specialist who discovered it in humans in the early 1900s. The Lombard effect is most obvious when somebody is talking to you when, for example, you have your iPod headphones on and in respnse you—unwittingly—increase the volume of your reply, and they say: 'No need to shout!'
    Tim Birkhead, <i>Bird Sense: What It's Like to Be a Bird</i> (New York: Walker & Co., 2012), p. 59

    May 30, 2016

  • The ability to focus on one particular voice or song against a hubbub of background noise is known as the cocktail-party effect. This is a common problem for birds that live in a noisy world. Just think of the dawn chorus. In pristine habitats there may be as many as thirty different songbird species—with several individuals of each—singing at once, and the effect can be almost deafening. Each bird has to dinstinguish not only its own species, but also different individuals.
    Tim Birkhead, Bird Sense: What It's Like to Be a Bird (New York: Walker & Co., 2012), p. 57

    May 30, 2016

  • The ability to focus on one particular voice or song against a hubbub of background noise is known as the cocktail-party effect. This is a common problem for birds that live in a noisy world. Just think of the dawn chorus. In pristine habitats there may be as many as thirty different songbird species—with several individuals of each—singing at once, and the effect can be almost deafening. Each bird has to dinstinguish not only its own species, but also different individuals.
    Tim Birkhead, Bird Sense: What It's Like to Be a Bird (New York: Walker & Co., 2012), p. 57

    May 30, 2016

  • One of the most brilliantly coloured of South American birds (and there are many) is the Andean cock-of-the-rock. The male has the most intensely red body, a jet-black tail and outermost wing feathers, and unexpectedly silvery-white innermost wing feathers. So-named because it nests among rocks on cliff ledges, and because of its cocky Mohican-like crest, this pigeon-sized bird is a major draw to birdwatchers visiting Ecuador. The males display in groups, referred to as 'leks' . . . .
    Tim Birkhead, Bird Sense: What It's Like to Be a Bird (New York: Walker & Co., 2012), pp. 19-20.

    May 30, 2016

  • One of the most brilliantly coloured of South American birds (and there are many) is the Andean cock-of-the-rock. The male has the most intensely red body, a jet-black tail and outermost wing feathers, and unexpectedly silvery-white innermost wing feathers. So-named because it nests among rocks on cliff ledges, and because of its cocky Mohican-like crest, this pigeon-sized bird is a major draw to birdwatchers visiting Ecuador. The males display in groups, referred to as 'leks' . . . .
    Tim Birkhead, Bird Sense: What It's Like to Be a Bird (New York: Walker & Co., 2012), pp. 19-20.

    May 30, 2016

  • One of the most brilliantly coloured of South American birds (and there are many) is the Andean cock-of-the-rock. The male has the most intensely red body, a jet-black tail and outermost wing feathers, and unexpectedly silvery-white innermost wing feathers. So-named because it nests among rocks on cliff ledges, and because of its cocky Mohican-like crest, this pigeon-sized bird is a major draw to birdwatchers visiting Ecuador. The males display in groups, referred to as 'leks' . . . .
    Tim Birkhead, Bird Sense: What It's Like to Be a Bird (New York: Walker & Co., 2012), pp. 19-20.

    May 30, 2016

  • It all had something to do with <b>Umwelt</b>, a word I very much liked the sound of and repeated many times like a drumbeat until I was made to stop. I didn't care so much what Umwelt meant back then, but it turns out to refer to the specific way each particular organism experiences the world.
    Karen Joy Fowler, We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons (Penguin Group): 2013), p. 99.

    May 30, 2016

  • My mother was often aggravated those days. It was something new for her, analeptic doses of righteous aggravation. She was rejuvenated by it.
    Karen Joy Fowler, We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons (Penguin Group): 2013), p. 6.

    May 30, 2016

  • we've been offered this gite in the Ardèche for a week . . ."
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 347.

    May 30, 2016

  • Amelia had been behaving even more oddly than usual, blethering about Olivia . . . . Blethering. That was one of his father's words.
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 324

    May 30, 2016

  • A middle-aged man was climbing out of the river onto the bank—bollock-naked and skinny and tanned all over. A nudist? They called themselves naturalists now, didn't they?
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 288.

    (Character misuses "naturalist" for "naturism.")

    May 30, 2016

  • A middle-aged man was climbing out of the river onto the bank—bollock-naked and skinny and tanned all over. A nudist? They called themselves naturalists now, didn't they?
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 288.

    May 30, 2016

  • A middle-aged man was climbing out of the river onto the bank—bollock-naked and skinny and tanned all over. A nudist? They called themselves naturalists now, didn't they?
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 288.

    May 30, 2016

  • at that moment a particularly manky tom decided it needed to spray its territory and favored Quintus's leg as one of its outposts.
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 284.

    May 30, 2016

  • In the sense of "headbutt" (which shows up at least once in the definitions above):

    Quintus was sporting a considerable plaster across a nose that looked damaged in just the way you would expect a nose to be damaged if you'd been nutted by someone who was trying to stop you from pistol-whipping them.
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 282.

    May 30, 2016

  • before he cold reply a cry like a huntsman's tantivy from the top end of the garden announced the arrival of Quintus Rain.
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 281.

    May 30, 2016

  • They drove past the village school and she could hear James making snorting noises. She'd heard him refer to the the village kids as "oiks" and she'd almost slapped him. She suspected his slow male brain had confused "oik" with "oink," which was why he always snorted when he came within breathing distance of the lower orders.
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 224.

    May 30, 2016

  • Sister Michael . . . was an "extern." There were six externs at the convent, negotiating with the outside world on behalf of the "interns"—the ones who never left, who spent their days, day after day, until they died, in prayer and contemplation.
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 224.

    May 30, 2016

  • Sister Michael . . . was an "extern." There were six externs at the convent, negotiating with the outside world on behalf of the "interns"—the ones who never left, who spent their days, day after day, until they died, in prayer and contemplation.
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 224.

    May 30, 2016

  • Was (a long-missing three-year-old) enclosed somewhere, under a floor, in the earth? No more than a tiny pile of leveret-thin bones waiting to be found.
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 164.

    May 30, 2016

  • Still—and it was a close call—Jackson preferred the summer population to the yahs and hooray Henrys of term time. Was it just the envy of the underclass?
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 162.

    May 30, 2016

  • Still—and it was a close call—Jackson preferred the summer population to the yahs and hooray Henrys of term time. Was it just the envy of the underclass?
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 162.

    May 30, 2016

  • All that wealth and privilege in the hands of a few while the streets were full of the dispossessed, the beggars, the jakies, the mad.
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 162.

    May 30, 2016

  • All that wealth and privilege in the hands of a few while the streets were full of the dispossessed, the beggars, the jakies, the mad.
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 162.

    May 30, 2016

  • "Don't be a crosspatch, Mr. Brodie. You're a much nicer person than you pretend to be, you know."
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 160.

    May 30, 2016

  • Caroline . . . had never been to an agricultural fair in her life and was charmed by everything. . . . the crocheted shawls and knitted matinee jackets . . .
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 145.

    May 30, 2016

  • She loved that word, "misericord," because it sounded so wretched and yet it wasn't. It meant tenderhearted, from the Latin for heart, "cor," from which you also get "core" and "cordial" but not "cardiac," which from via the Latin from the Greek for heart—"kardia" (although they mut surely be related at some ancient, ur-level.
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 138.

    May 30, 2016

  • She was a lousy cook and didn't even possess a sewing basket, but she did all the DIY in their little box house. She said to him once that when women learned that wall anchors weren't the mysterious objects they though the were, they would rule the world.
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 95.

    May 30, 2016

  • Howell dated from Jackson's army days—they had started out as squaddies together.
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 84.

    May 30, 2016

  • Binky was over ninety and was the widow of "a Peterhouse fellow," a philosophy don (despite living in Cambridge for fourteen years, Jackson still though of the mafia when he heard that word).
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 82.

    May 30, 2016

  • A dish of lasagna, neatly cling filmed, was sitting in the fridge, waiting to be heated up later . . . .
    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 66.

    May 30, 2016

  • She thought they should get some chickens of their own and perhaps a goat to milk, because maybe something was missing—maybe it would just take one fat wyandotte to make the idyll possible. Or a Sicilian buttercup. Really, chickens had the prettiest names—the Brahma and the marsh daisy and the faverolles. . . . Or perhaps a goat—a LaMancha or a Bionda dell'Adamello. . . . Goats had ridiculous names—the West African dwarf and the Tennessee fainting goat.

    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 64.

    May 30, 2016

  • She thought they should get some chickens of their own and perhaps a goat to milk, because maybe something was missing—maybe it would just take one fat wyandotte to make the idyll possible. Or a Sicilian buttercup. Really, chickens had the prettiest names—the Brahma and the marsh daisy and the faverolles. . . . Or perhaps a goat—a LaMancha or a Bionda dell'Adamello. . . . Goats had ridiculous names—the West African dwarf and the Tennessee fainting goat.

    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 64.

    May 30, 2016

  • She thought they should get some chickens of their own and perhaps a goat to milk, because maybe something was missing—maybe it would just take one fat wyandotte to make the idyll possible. Or a Sicilian buttercup. Really, chickens had the prettiest names—the Brahma and the marsh daisy and the faverolles. . . . Or perhaps a goat—a LaMancha or a Bionda dell'Adamello. . . . Goats had ridiculous names—the West African dwarf and the Tennessee fainting goat.

    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 64.

    May 30, 2016

  • She thought they should get some chickens of their own and perhaps a goat to milk, because maybe something was missing—maybe it would just take one fat wyandotte to make the idyll possible. Or a Sicilian buttercup. Really, chickens had the prettiest names—the Brahma and the marsh daisy and the faverolles. . . . Or perhaps a goat—a LaMancha or a Bionda dell'Adamello. . . . Goats had ridiculous names—the West African dwarf and the Tennessee fainting goat.

    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 64.

    May 30, 2016

  • She thought they should get some chickens of their own and perhaps a goat to milk, because maybe something was missing—maybe it would just take one fat wyandotte to make the idyll possible. Or a Sicilian buttercup. Really, chickens had the prettiest names—the Brahma and the marsh daisy and the faverolles. . . . Or perhaps a goat—a LaMancha or a Bionda dell'Adamello. . . . Goats had ridiculous names—the West African dwarf and the Tennessee fainting goat.

    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 64.

    May 30, 2016

  • She thought they should get some chickens of their own and perhaps a goat to milk, because maybe something was missing—maybe it would just take one fat wyandotte to make the idyll possible. Or a Sicilian buttercup. Really, chickens had the prettiest names—the Brahma and the marsh daisy and the faverolles. . . . Or perhaps a goat—a LaMancha or a Bionda dell'Adamello. . . . Goats had ridiculous names—the West African dwarf and the Tennessee fainting goat.

    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 64.

    May 30, 2016

  • She thought they should get some chickens of their own and perhaps a goat to milk, because maybe something was missing—maybe it would just take one fat wyandotte to make the idyll possible. Or a Sicilian buttercup. Really, chickens had the prettiest names—the Brahma and the marsh daisy and the faverolles. . . . Or perhaps a goat—a LaMancha or a Bionda dell'Adamello. . . . Goats had ridiculous names—the West African dwarf and the Tennessee fainting goat.

    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 64.

    May 30, 2016

  • She thought they should get some chickens of their own and perhaps a goat to milk, because maybe something was missing—maybe it would just take one fat wyandotte to make the idyll possible. Or a Sicilian buttercup. Really, chickens had the prettiest names—the Brahma and the marsh daisy and the faverolles. . . . Or perhaps a goat—a LaMancha or a Bionda dell'Adamello. . . . Goats had ridiculous names—the West African dwarf and the Tennessee fainting goat.

    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 64.

    May 30, 2016

  • She thought they should get some chickens of their own and perhaps a goat to milk, because maybe something was missing—maybe it would just take one fat wyandotte to make the idyll possible. Or a Sicilian buttercup. Really, chickens had the prettiest names—the Brahma and the marsh daisy and the faverolles. . . . Or perhaps a goat—a LaMancha or a Bionda dell'Adamello. . . . Goats had ridiculous names—the West African dwarf and the Tennessee fainting goat.

    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 64.

    May 30, 2016

  • She thought they should get some chickens of their own and perhaps a goat to milk, because maybe something was missing—maybe it would just take one fat wyandotte to make the idyll possible. Or a Sicilian buttercup. Really, chickens had the prettiest names—the Brahma and the marsh daisy and the faverolles. . . . Or perhaps a goat—a LaMancha or a Bionda dell'Adamello. . . . Goats had ridiculous names—the West African dwarf and the Tennessee fainting goat.

    Kate Atkinson, Case Histories (New York: Little Brown & Co., 2004), p. 64.

    May 30, 2016

  • Above a sign that read "My First Item 1955" was a small brass plate from Perth Amboy, New Jersey—a cover for an interlock, the mechanism that keeps the doors closed when an elevator is on the move. Carr and Wilk discussed an accident that Carr blamed on an interlock situation.
    Nick Paumgarten, "Love of the Elevator," New Yorker, May 16, 2016, p. 36.

    May 30, 2016

  • Patrick Carr, the founder of the Elevator Historical Society, and his associate director, Daniel Levinson Wilk, "advanced the hot take that it was another Otis, a Massachusetts inventor named Otis Tufts, who deserved more credit for the introduction of the elevator as a passenger conveyance" than Elisha Otis, the founder of the Otis Elevator Company.
    Nick Paumgarten, "Love of the Elevator," New Yorker, May 16, 2016, p. 34

    May 30, 2016

  • "accident" versus "crash"


    See Matt Richtel, 

    It’s No Accident: Advocates Want to Speak of Car ‘Crashes’ Instead

    , N.Y. Times, May 22, 2016.

    “When you use the word ‘accident,’ it’s like, ‘God made it happen,’ ” Mark Rosekind, the head of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said at a driver safety conference this month at the Harvard School of Public Health.

    . . .

    Almost all crashes stem from driver behavior like drinking, distracted driving and other risky activity. About 6 percent are caused by vehicle malfunctions, weather and other factors.

    . . .

    Dr. Rosekind has added his voice to a growing chorus of advocates who say that the persistence of crashes . . . can be explained in part by widespread apathy toward the issue. 

    Changing semantics is meant to shake people, particularly policy makers, out of the implicit nobody’s-fault attitude that the word “accident” conveys, they said.

    Id. Interesting historical note:

    The word was introduced into the lexicon of manufacturing and other industries in the early 1900s, when companies were looking to protect themselves from the costs of caring for workers who were injured on the job, according to Peter Norton, a historian and associate professor at the University of Virginia's department of engineering.

    . . .

    When traffic deaths spiked in the 1920s, a consortium of auto-industry interests, including insurers, borrowed the word to shift the focus away from the cars themselves. "Automakers were very interested in blaming reckless drivers," Dr. Norton said.

    But over time, he said, the word has come to exonerate the driver, too, with "accident" seeming like a lightning strike, beyond anyone's control."

    Id.



    See Drop the 'A' Word blog, The blog's tagline:


    Not all crashes are "accidents". Crimes are not "accidents". It's not an "accident" when a person makes a decision to drive drunk, distracted, or in a negligent manner. Stop giving criminals a pass by calling it an "accident".

    Id.



    See Crash not Accident website.

    May 25, 2016

  • "accident" versus "crash"


    See Matt Richtel, 

    It’s No Accident: Advocates Want to Speak of Car ‘Crashes’ Instead

    , N.Y. Times, May 22, 2016.

    “When you use the word ‘accident,’ it’s like, ‘God made it happen,’ ” Mark Rosekind, the head of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said at a driver safety conference this month at the Harvard School of Public Health.

    . . .

    Almost all crashes stem from driver behavior like drinking, distracted driving and other risky activity. About 6 percent are caused by vehicle malfunctions, weather and other factors.

    . . .

    Dr. Rosekind has added his voice to a growing chorus of advocates who say that the persistence of crashes . . . can be explained in part by widespread apathy toward the issue. 

    Changing semantics is meant to shake people, particularly policy makers, out of the implicit nobody’s-fault attitude that the word “accident” conveys, they said.

    Id. Interesting historical note:

    The word was introduced into the lexicon of manufacturing and other industries in the early 1900s, when companies were looking to protect themselves from the costs of caring for workers who were injured on the job, according to Peter Norton, a historian and associate professor at the University of Virginia's department of engineering.

    . . .

    When traffic deaths spiked in the 1920s, a consortium of auto-industry interests, including insurers, borrowed the word to shift the focus away from the cars themselves. "Automakers were very interested in blaming reckless drivers," Dr. Norton said.

    But over time, he said, the word has come to exonerate the driver, too, with "accident" seeming like a lightning strike, beyond anyone's control."

    Id.



    See Drop the 'A' Word blog, The blog's tagline:


    Not all crashes are "accidents". Crimes are not "accidents". It's not an "accident" when a person makes a decision to drive drunk, distracted, or in a negligent manner. Stop giving criminals a pass by calling it an "accident".

    Id.



    See Crash not Accident website.

    May 25, 2016

  • Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics will publish a collection of

    personal stories from individuals who have participated in VSED (voluntarily stopping eating and drinking) to hasten death. VSED is sometimes referred to as VRFF (voluntary refusal of food and fluid) or terminal dehydration.

    Thaddeus Pope, call for papers for Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics, fall 2015.

    May 23, 2016

  • Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics will publish a collection of

    personal stories from individuals who have participated in VSED (voluntarily stopping eating and drinking) to hasten death. VSED is sometimes referred to as VRFF (voluntary refusal of food and fluid) or terminal dehydration.

    Thaddeus Pope, call for papers for Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics, fall 2015.

    May 23, 2016

  • Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics will publish a collection of

    personal stories from individuals who have participated in VSED (voluntarily stopping eating and drinking) to hasten death. VSED is sometimes referred to as VRFF (voluntary refusal of food and fluid) or terminal dehydration.

    Thaddeus Pope, call for papers for Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics, fall 2015.

    May 23, 2016

  • To watch Hamilton is to experience a total work of art—a Gesamtkunstwerk, in which different forms are combined into a single unified whole. The production brings together a staggeringly wide array of musical styles, including hip-hop, ragtime, Broadway musical theatre, Jazz, and baroque harpsichord. The tableau unfolds dynamically . . .an ensemble of dancers surrounds the main characters with intricate, sharp choreography . . . . The costumes manage to be elegant and period appropriate while also avoiding caricature. . . .

    But the most astonishing artistic weapon that Hamilton unleashes is the power—in both force and quantity—of its words.The two-and-a-half-hour show comprises 20,000 words, nearly all of them delivered in some form of song or rap. The show is "sung-through," a phrase whose new frequency among the general public is yet another consequence of Hamilton-mania.

    Alison L. LaCroix, The Rooms Where It Happened, The New Rambler, May 23, 2016 (reviewing Hamilton: An American Musical, by Lin-Manuel Miranda, and Hamilton: The Revolution, by Lin-Manuel Miranda and Jeremy McCarter)

    May 23, 2016

  • To watch Hamilton is to experience a total work of art—a Gesamtkunstwerk, in which different forms are combined into a single unified whole. The production brings together a staggeringly wide array of musical styles, including hip-hop, ragtime, Broadway musical theatre, Jazz, and baroque harpsichord. The tableau unfolds dynamically . . .an ensemble of dancers surrounds the main characters with intricate, sharp choreography . . . . The costumes manage to be elegant and period appropriate while also avoiding caricature. . . .

    But the most astonishing artistic weapon that Hamilton unleashes is the power—in both force and quantity—of its words.The two-and-a-half-hour show comprises 20,000 words, nearly all of them delivered in some form of song or rap. The show is "sung-through," a phrase whose new frequency among the general public is yet another consequence of Hamilton-mania.

    Alison L. LaCroix, The Rooms Where It Happened, The New Rambler, May 23, 2016 (reviewing Hamilton: An American Musical, by Lin-Manuel Miranda, and Hamilton: The Revolution, by Lin-Manuel Miranda and Jeremy McCarter)

    May 23, 2016

  • There are several treatment options for sleep apnea. One of the options is the oral appliance. Also called Jaw Advancing Device (JAD) or Mandibular Advancement Device (MAD), these sleep apnea mouth pieces are custom made by dentists using a plastic-like mold to form to the specific shape of the patients teeth and mouth. Not only do they work against sleep apnea, they are also effective to stop snoring.
    Oral Appliance for Sleep Apnea Dental Device Therapy, American Sleep Association

    May 18, 2016

  • There are several treatment options for sleep apnea. One of the options is the oral appliance. Also called Jaw Advancing Device (JAD) or Mandibular Advancement Device (MAD), these sleep apnea mouth pieces are custom made by dentists using a plastic-like mold to form to the specific shape of the patients teeth and mouth. Not only do they work against sleep apnea, they are also effective to stop snoring.
    Oral Appliance for Sleep Apnea Dental Device Therapy, American Sleep Association

    May 18, 2016

  • There are several treatment options for sleep apnea. One of the options is the oral appliance. Also called Jaw Advancing Device (JAD) or Mandibular Advancement Device (MAD), these sleep apnea mouth pieces are custom made by dentists using a plastic-like mold to form to the specific shape of the patients teeth and mouth. Not only do they work against sleep apnea, they are also effective to stop snoring.
    Oral Appliance for Sleep Apnea Dental Device Therapy, American Sleep Association

    May 18, 2016

  • There are several treatment options for sleep apnea. One of the options is the oral appliance. Also called Jaw Advancing Device (JAD) or Mandibular Advancement Device (MAD), these sleep apnea mouth pieces are custom made by dentists using a plastic-like mold to form to the specific shape of the patients teeth and mouth. Not only do they work against sleep apnea, they are also effective to stop snoring.
    Oral Appliance for Sleep Apnea Dental Device Therapy, American Sleep Association

    May 18, 2016

  • There are several treatment options for sleep apnea. One of the options is the oral appliance. Also called Jaw Advancing Device (JAD) or Mandibular Advancement Device (MAD), these sleep apnea mouth pieces are custom made by dentists using a plastic-like mold to form to the specific shape of the patients teeth and mouth. Not only do they work against sleep apnea, they are also effective to stop snoring.
    Oral Appliance for Sleep Apnea Dental Device Therapy, American Sleep Association

    May 18, 2016

  • Bruxism is a finding during sleep that is characterized by clenching and grinding of the teeth. This can occur numerous times during a sleep session, and can cause sleep disruptions, as well as damage to the teeth. Bruxism most often occurs in the early stages of sleep before deep sleep.

    Bruxism can also happen unintentionally during waking hours, often as the result of stress or anger, but this is usually noticed within a few seconds by the subject.

    Bruxism, American Sleep Association

    May 18, 2016

  • Decisions to update a subject heading are based on many considerations, including "literary warrant:" the frequency with which a term is or is not used in print and other dynamic resources that, by their nature, change with and reflect current social structures and norms.
    Letter from American Library Association and Association for Library Collections & Technical Services to U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations Re: Request to Remove "Library of Congress Classification" Amendment from Legislative Branch Appropriations Legislation, April 28, 2016l, p. 2.

    May 16, 2016

  • a physician accurately diagnosed the child with restrictive cardiomyopathy, a fatal condition in which the heart's left ventricle (lower chamber) fails to fill with sufficient blood to supply the patient with oxygen.
    James B. Lieber, Killer Care: How Medical Error Became America's Third Largest Cause of Death, and What Can Be Done About It (New York: OR Books, 2015), ch. 1.

    May 16, 2016

  • hospital studies show that wrong-site surgeries are entirely preventable with clear, reviewable communications, meaningful preoperative briefings involving the patient, agreed-upon incision site marking by the surgeon and a "time-out" held after the prepping and draping. Sometimes called a "Minnesota time-out" (because the Minnesota health department implemented it throughout the state's hospitals) it includes organized role-playing where all members of the team identify themselves and state what they will do during the procedure. Everyone, including nurses, is empowered to stop the surgery the moment he or she detects a problem rather than tearfully raising it after the sawing starts.
    James B. Lieber, Killer Care: How Medical Error Became America's Third Largest Cause of Death, and What Can Be Done About It (New York: OR Books, 2015), ch. 1.

    May 16, 2016

  • In Unsafe at Any Speed, Nader tried to launch a new idea called "body rights," meaning that people should be secure against callous corporate policies leading to personal mayhem. The term has all but died; however, the concept suddenly seems reborn in certain corners of health care.
    James B. Lieber, Killer Care: How Medical Error Became America's Third Largest Cause of Death, and What Can Be Done About It (New York: OR Books, 2015), Introduction.

    May 16, 2016

  • Almost everyone knows someone who has emerged from a hospital with an infection, or has read an obituary noting that a person died from "complications"—often a code word for medical error.
    James B. Lieber, Killer Care: How Medical Error Became America's Third Largest Cause of Death, and What Can Be Done About It (New York: OR Books, 2015), Introduction.

    May 16, 2016

  • The geneticist who read the x-ray photomicrography of their chromosomes called a karyotype said that they were normal, healthy, and not at any greater risk than others. . . . Prior to this he had analyzed only karyotypes of drosophila (fruit flies), not humans.
    James B. Lieber, Killer Care: How Medical Error Became America's Third Largest Cause of Death, and What Can Be Done About It (New York: OR Books, 2015), Introduction.

    May 16, 2016

  • The geneticist who read the x-ray photomicrography of their chromosomes called a karyotype said that they were normal, healthy, and not at any greater risk than others. . . . Prior to this he had analyzed only karyotypes of drosophila (fruit flies), not humans.
    James B. Lieber, Killer Care: How Medical Error Became America's Third Largest Cause of Death, and What Can Be Done About It (New York: OR Books, 2015), Introduction.

    May 16, 2016

  • Down by the lake, we pulled ourselves up the melaleuca "paper" tree, a twisting Tolkien-esque giant with a papery bark.

    David Kushner, Alligator Candy: A Memoir (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016), ch. 14.

    May 15, 2016

  • Down by the lake, we pulled ourselves up the melaleuca "paper" tree, a twisting Tolkien-esque giant with a papery bark.
    David Kushner, Alligator Candy: A Memoir (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016), ch. 14.

    May 15, 2016

  • Also: anthropologist.

    Under his leadership as chairperson (the more egalitarian term he used instead of chairman), the department was receiving international attention for launching the first master's program in applied anthropology in the world. Applied anthropology took academics out of the ivory tower and into the field, exploring ways in which they could apply their training to practical problems, from urban planning to public health. The master's program, which would begin in 1974, kept very much in line with my dad's history of social activism; at the same time, it was considered heretical by those who thought that anthros—as my dad and his colleagues referred to themselves—should stay in the classroom.
    David Kushner, Alligator Candy: A Memoir (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016), ch. 6.

    (This was at the University of South Florida, in Tampa.)

    May 15, 2016

  • Under his leadership as chairperson (the more egalitarian term he used instead of chairman), the department was receiving international attention for launching the first master's program in applied anthropology in the world. Applied anthropology took academics out of the ivory tower and into the field, exploring ways in which they could apply their training to practical problems, from urban planning to public health. The master's program, which would begin in 1974, kept very much in line with my dad's history of social activism; at the same time, it was considered heretical by those who thought that anthros—as my dad and his colleagues referred to themselves—should stay in the classroom.
    David Kushner, Alligator Candy: A Memoir (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016), ch. 6.

    (This was at the University of South Florida, in Tampa.)

    May 15, 2016

  • TThe backyard teemed with podocarpus trees, which had thin, pointy leaves and small sour purple berries. Neighbors tore down their trees to build swimming pools, but my parents told the bulldozer drivers to keep away from ours.
    David Kushner, Alligator Candy: A Memoir (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016), ch. 5.

    May 15, 2016

  • They moved into a small, bare concrete home with an outhouse and no hot water. It was in Mesilat Zion, a moshav—a cooperative agricultural community.
    David Kushner, Alligator Candy: A Memoir (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016), ch. 2.

    May 15, 2016

  • After a decade of wandering Mamma Haidara returned an educated man, and was named by the scholars of Bamba the town's qadi, the Islamic judicial authority responsible for mediating property disputes and presiding over marriages and divorces.
    Joshua Hammer, The Bad-Ass Librarians of Timbuktu: And Their Race to Save the World's Most Precious Manuscripts (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016), ch. 1.

    May 15, 2016

  • Haidara spoke Songhoy, the language of Mali's Sorhai tribe, the dominant sedentary ethnic group along the northern bend of the Niger River, and in school he studied French, the language of Mali's former colonial masters. But he also taught himself to read Arabic fluently . . ..
    Joshua Hammer, The Bad-Ass Librarians of Timbuktu: And Their Race to Save the World's Most Precious Manuscripts (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016), ch. 1.

    May 15, 2016

  • About 10 million years after the meteor struck, the first hoofed mammals, or ungulates, appeared. One order of ungulates, called Perissodactyla, includes just a handful of living species, such as horses,hinoceroses, and tapirs. The other order, Artiodactyla, is much larer and includes pigs, cows, goats, sheep, camels, llamas, giraffes, deer, antelopes, camels, hippopotamuses, bison, and water buffalos. Both orders of ungulates might be called tiptoers. Their hooves are actually outsized toenails, and they walk like ballerinas en pointe. . . ."Perissodactyl" means "odd-toed": the foot's axis cuts through the center of the middle digit, and the animals walk either on three toes, like rhinos and tapirs, or just one, like horses, zebras, and donkeys. "Artiodactyl" means "even-toed": the first digit (the thumb or big toe) is absent, and the feet are symmetrical, with the axis running between the third and fourth digits . . . . they appear to have a single hoof split down the center, what the King James Bible describes as the "cloven foot."
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 1.

    May 15, 2016

  • About 10 million years after the meteor struck, the first hoofed mammals, or ungulates, appeared. One order of ungulates, called Perissodactyla, includes just a handful of living species, such as horses,hinoceroses, and tapirs. The other order, Artiodactyla, is much larer and includes pigs, cows, goats, sheep, camels, llamas, giraffes, deer, antelopes, camels, hippopotamuses, bison, and water buffalos. Both orders of ungulates might be called tiptoers. Their hooves are actually outsized toenails, and they walk like ballerinas en pointe. . . ."Perissodactyl" means "odd-toed": the foot's axis cuts through the center of the middle digit, and the animals walk either on three toes, like rhinos and tapirs, or just one, like horses, zebras, and donkeys. "Artiodactyl" means "even-toed": the first digit (the thumb or big toe) is absent, and the feet are symmetrical, with the axis running between the third and fourth digits . . . . they appear to have a single hoof split down the center, what the King James Bible describes as the "cloven foot."
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 1.

    May 15, 2016

  • About 10 million years after the meteor struck, the first hoofed mammals, or ungulates, appeared. One order of ungulates, called Perissodactyla, includes just a handful of living species, such as horses,hinoceroses, and tapirs. The other order, Artiodactyla, is much larer and includes pigs, cows, goats, sheep, camels, llamas, giraffes, deer, antelopes, camels, hippopotamuses, bison, and water buffalos. Both orders of ungulates might be called tiptoers. Their hooves are actually outsized toenails, and they walk like ballerinas en pointe. . . ."Perissodactyl" means "odd-toed": the foot's axis cuts through the center of the middle digit, and the animals walk either on three toes, like rhinos and tapirs, or just one, like horses, zebras, and donkeys. "Artiodactyl" means "even-toed": the first digit (the thumb or big toe) is absent, and the feet are symmetrical, with the axis running between the third and fourth digits . . . . they appear to have a single hoof split down the center, what the King James Bible describes as the "cloven foot."
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 1.

    May 15, 2016

  • About 10 million years after the meteor struck, the first hoofed mammals, or ungulates, appeared. One order of ungulates, called Perissodactyla, includes just a handful of living species, such as horses,hinoceroses, and tapirs. The other order, Artiodactyla, is much larer and includes pigs, cows, goats, sheep, camels, llamas, giraffes, deer, antelopes, camels, hippopotamuses, bison, and water buffalos. Both orders of ungulates might be called tiptoers. Their hooves are actually outsized toenails, and they walk like ballerinas en pointe. . . ."Perissodactyl" means "odd-toed": the foot's axis cuts through the center of the middle digit, and the animals walk either on three toes, like rhinos and tapirs, or just one, like horses, zebras, and donkeys. "Artiodactyl" means "even-toed": the first digit (the thumb or big toe) is absent, and the feet are symmetrical, with the axis running between the third and fourth digits . . . . they appear to have a single hoof split down the center, what the King James Bible describes as the "cloven foot."
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 1.

    May 15, 2016

  • Woods pigs were called razorbacks, painters, rovers, thistle-diggers, prairie sharks, land sharks, land pikes, wind-splitters, hazel-splitters, sapling-splitters, rail-splitters, stump suckers, elm peelers, piney woods rooters, and—puzzlingly, but perhaps because they were so hard to get a grip on—cucumber seeds.
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 11.

    May 9, 2016

  • Woods pigs were called razorbacks, painters, rovers, thistle-diggers, prairie sharks, land sharks, land pikes, wind-splitters, hazel-splitters, sapling-splitters, rail-splitters, stump suckers, elm peelers, piney woods rooters, and—puzzlingly, but perhaps because they were so hard to get a grip on—cucumber seeds.
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 11.

    May 9, 2016

  • Woods pigs were called razorbacks, painters, rovers, thistle-diggers, prairie sharks, land sharks, land pikes, wind-splitters, hazel-splitters, sapling-splitters, rail-splitters, stump suckers, elm peelers, piney woods rooters, and—puzzlingly, but perhaps because they were so hard to get a grip on—cucumber seeds.
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 11.

    May 9, 2016

  • Woods pigs were called razorbacks, painters, rovers, thistle-diggers, prairie sharks, land sharks, land pikes, wind-splitters, hazel-splitters, sapling-splitters, rail-splitters, stump suckers, elm peelers, piney woods rooters, and—puzzlingly, but perhaps because they were so hard to get a grip on—cucumber seeds.
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 11.

    May 9, 2016

  • Woods pigs were called razorbacks, painters, rovers, thistle-diggers, prairie sharks, land sharks, land pikes, wind-splitters, hazel-splitters, sapling-splitters, rail-splitters, stump suckers, elm peelers, piney woods rooters, and—puzzlingly, but perhaps because they were so hard to get a grip on—cucumber seeds.
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 11.

    May 9, 2016

  • Woods pigs were called razorbacks, painters, rovers, thistle-diggers, prairie sharks, land sharks, land pikes, wind-splitters, hazel-splitters, sapling-splitters, rail-splitters, stump suckers, elm peelers, piney woods rooters, and—puzzlingly, but perhaps because they were so hard to get a grip on—cucumber seeds.
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 11.

    May 9, 2016

  • Woods pigs were called razorbacks, painters, rovers, thistle-diggers, prairie sharks, land sharks, land pikes, wind-splitters, hazel-splitters, sapling-splitters, rail-splitters, stump suckers, elm peelers, piney woods rooters, and—puzzlingly, but perhaps because they were so hard to get a grip on—cucumber seeds.
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 11.

    May 9, 2016

  • Woods pigs were called razorbacks, painters, rovers, thistle-diggers, prairie sharks, land sharks, land pikes, wind-splitters, <b>hazel-splitters</b>, sapling-splitters, rail-splitters, stump suckers, elm peelers, piney woods rooters, and—puzzlingly, but perhaps because they were so hard to get a grip on—cucumber seeds.
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 11.

    May 9, 2016

  • Woods pigs were called razorbacks, painters, rovers, thistle-diggers, prairie sharks, land sharks, land pikes, wind-splitters, <b>hazel-splitters</b>, sapling-splitters, rail-splitters, stump suckers, elm peelers, piney woods rooters, and—puzzlingly, but perhaps because they were so hard to get a grip on—cucumber seeds.
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 11.

    May 9, 2016

  • Woods pigs were called razorbacks, painters, rovers, thistle-diggers, prairie sharks, land sharks, land pikes, wind-splitters, <b>hazel-splitters</b>, sapling-splitters, rail-splitters, stump suckers, elm peelers, piney woods rooters, and—puzzlingly, but perhaps because they were so hard to get a grip on—cucumber seeds.
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 11.

    May 9, 2016

  • Woods pigs were called razorbacks, painters, rovers, thistle-diggers, prairie sharks, land sharks, land pikes, wind-splitters, <b>hazel-splitters</b>, sapling-splitters, rail-splitters, stump suckers, elm peelers, piney woods rooters, and—puzzlingly, but perhaps because they were so hard to get a grip on—cucumber seeds.
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 11.

    May 9, 2016

  • Woods pigs were called razorbacks, painters, rovers, thistle-diggers, prairie sharks, land sharks, land pikes, wind-splitters, <b>hazel-spliters</b>, sapling-splitters, rail-splitters, stump suckers, elm peelers, piney woods rooters, and—puzzlingly, but perhaps because they were so hard to get a grip on—cucumber seeds.
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 11.

    May 9, 2016

  • Woods pigs were called razorbacks, painters, rovers, thistle-diggers, prairie sharks, land sharks, land pikes, wind-splitters, <b>hazel-splitters</b>, sapling-splitters, rail-splitters, stump suckers, elm peelers, piney woods rooters, and—puzzlingly, but perhaps because they were so hard to get a grip on—cucumber seeds.
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 11.

    May 9, 2016

  • Woods pigs were called razorbacks, painters, rovers, thistle-diggers, prairie sharks, land sharks, land pikes, wind-splitters, <b>hazel-splitters</b>, sapling-splitters, rail-splitters, stump suckers, elm peelers, piney woods rooters, and—puzzlingly, but perhaps because they were so hard to get a grip on—cucumber seeds.
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 11.

    May 9, 2016

  • Woods pigs were called razorbacks, painters, rovers, thistle-diggers, prairie sharks, land sharks, land pikes, wind-splitters, <b>hazel-splitters</b>, sapling-splitters, rail-splitters, stump suckers, elm peelers, piney woods rooters, and—puzzlingly, but perhaps because they were so hard to get a grip on—cucumber seeds.
    Mark Essig, Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (New York: Basic Books, 2015), ch. 11.

    May 9, 2016

  • Public health officials, researches, health advocates, and the public have become increasingly concerned about the over-consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs, including sugar-sweetened carbonated soft drinks, energy drinks, teas, fruit drinks, and others) because scientific research has determined that excessive consumption increases the risk of tooth decay, obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.
    Allyn L. Taylor & Michael F. Jacobsen, Carbonating the World: The Marketing and Health Impact of Sugar Drinks in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (Center for Science in the Public Interest, 2016)

    May 5, 2016

  • Public health officials, researches, health advocates, and the public have become increasingly concerned about the over-consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs, including sugar-sweetened carbonated soft drinks, energy drinks, teas, fruit drinks, and others) because scientific research has determined that excessive consumption increases the risk of tooth decay, obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.
    Allyn L. Taylor & Michael F. Jacobsen, Carbonating the World: The Marketing and Health Impact of Sugar Drinks in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (Center for Science in the Public Interest, 2016)

    May 5, 2016

  • Used as a section heading in Allyn L. Taylor & Michael F. Jacobsen, Carbonating the World: The Marketing and Health Impact of Sugar Drinks in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (Center for Science in the Public Interest, 2016), p. 2:

    Obesity has become a global problem, rather than one unique to high-income countries. With the exception of some countries in sub-Saharan Africa, practically every country in the world faces daunting obesity rates.

    May 5, 2016

  • Andrew Arbuckle

    @AndrewArbuckle

    There is literally nothing scarier than a pyroclastic flow or lahar....maybe a tsunami, but damn!

    May 1, 2016

  • Sometimes, a superhot avalanche of rock, ash, and steam races down the volcano's sides in what scientists call a pyroclastic flow, with speeds up to 300 miles per hour. With the volcano's vent once again opened by the blast, thick lava flows are able to pour more peacefully out of the crater decades, centuries, or millennia later.
    Victoria Bruce, No Apparent Danger: The True Story of Volcanic Disaster at Galeras and Nevado Del Ruiz (New York: HarperCollins, 2001),  ch. 2
    The scientists were also worried about the possibility of a pyroclastic flow—an absolute death sentence that kills not from the heat but from inhalation of scalding hot ash. On the first breath, a person's lungs react with instant pneumonia and fill with fluid. With the second breath, the fluid and ash mix and create wet cement. By the time the person takes a third breath, thick, hot cement fills the lungs and windpipe, causing the victim to suffocate.
    Id., ch. 7.

    May 1, 2016

  • There are two main types of volcanoes: stratovolcanoes and shield volcanoes. Shield volcanoes, such as those found in Hawaii, consistently erupt liquid lava and form broad, sloping cones. Stratovolcanoes, like those of the Colombian Andes, are so named because of the way they grow; they are, literally, layered volcanoes. A stratovolcano will experience many types of eruptions during its lifetime. In its youth, lava will pour from the stratovolcano's vent and radiate to form a sturdy base. As the volcano grows into adolescence, its magma becomes thick with mineral silica and has the consistency of fresh epoxy. The lava pours from the crater down the volcano's flanks, building a steep-sided cone. Over thousands of years, the thick, sticky magma solidifies and clogs the volcano's throat, and the young mountain's temperament begins to change.

    Victoria Bruce, No Apparent Danger: The True Story of Volcanic Disaster at Galeras and Nevado Del Ruiz (New York: HarperCollins, 2001),  ch. 2

    May 1, 2016

  • There are two main types of volcanoes: stratovolcanoes and shield volcanoes. Shield volcanoes, such as those found in Hawaii, consistently erupt liquid lava and form broad, sloping cones. Stratovolcanoes, like those of the Colombian Andes, are so named because of the way they grow; they are, literally, layered volcanoes. A stratovolcano will experience many types of eruptions during its lifetime. In its youth, lava will pour from the stratovolcano's vent and radiate to form a sturdy base. As the volcano grows into adolescence, its magma becomes thick with mineral silica and has the consistency of fresh epoxy. The lava pours from the crater down the volcano's flanks, building a steep-sided cone. Over thousands of years, the thick, sticky magma solidifies and clogs the volcano's throat, and the young mountain's temperament begins to change.

    Victoria Bruce, No Apparent Danger: The True Story of Volcanic Disaster at Galeras and Nevado Del Ruiz (New York: HarperCollins, 2001),  ch. 2

    May 1, 2016

  • I can't see from here, but Alfredo describes how they are taking the temperature of the superhot steam with long wires linked to a thermocouple. A thousand degrees Celsius? I don't believe it either. Sounds way too hot.
    Victoria Bruce, No Apparent Danger: The True Story of Volcanic Disaster at Galeras and Nevado Del Ruiz (New York: HarperCollins, 2001),  Prologue

    May 1, 2016

  • Farther east along the ridge, Geoff Brown was fiddling with his gravity detector. Brown was a soft-spoken British geophysicist with long white hair and matching beard. He had brought with him an aluminum box the size of a car battery that he hoped could be used to track molten magma as it rose to the surface of a volcanic vent. The instrument detected infinitesimal changes in gravity, and because magma is lighter than solid rock, Brown was hoping to tell by testing the gravity field beneath Galeras if there was an eruption on the way . . .

    Joining Brown in his work and watching him inspect his gravity box were two Colombians . . .

    Geoff Brown sat his gravimeter on a makeshift stand, turned and twisted the dials, put his nose right up to the instrument, checked the readings, and took a few notes.
    Victoria Bruce, No Apparent Danger: The True Story of Volcanic Disaster at Galeras and Nevado Del Ruiz (New York: HarperCollins, 2001),  ch. 9
    Geoff Brown was next. The British scientist was anxious to get more familiar with his new gravity instrument and be sure it was working properly—he had been out working the previous day collecting gravity data from the center of Pasto to the top of Galeras, and the numbers his device had recorded had seemed suspect.

    "He told me that the gravity apparatus wasn't working. . . ."
    Id., ch. 10.

    ("Gravimeter" is the term found in my New Oxford American Dictionary.)

    May 1, 2016

  • Farther east along the ridge, Geoff Brown was fiddling with his gravity detector. Brown was a soft-spoken British geophysicist with long white hair and matching beard. He had brought with him an aluminum box the size of a car battery that he hoped could be used to track molten magma as it rose to the surface of a volcanic vent. The instrument detected infinitesimal changes in gravity, and because magma is lighter than solid rock, Brown was hoping to tell by testing the gravity field beneath Galeras if there was an eruption on the way . . .

    Joining Brown in his work and watching him inspect his gravity box were two Colombians . . .

    Geoff Brown sat his gravimeter on a makeshift stand, turned and twisted the dials, put his nose right up to the instrument, checked the readings, and took a few notes.
    Victoria Bruce, No Apparent Danger: The True Story of Volcanic Disaster at Galeras and Nevado Del Ruiz (New York: HarperCollins, 2001),  ch. 9
    Geoff Brown was next. The British scientist was anxious to get more familiar with his new gravity instrument and be sure it was working properly—he had been out working the previous day collecting gravity data from the center of Pasto to the top of Galeras, and the numbers his device had recorded had seemed suspect.

    "He told me that the gravity apparatus wasn't working. . . ."
    Id., ch. 10.

    ("Gravimeter" is the term found in my New Oxford American Dictionary.)

    May 1, 2016

  • Farther east along the ridge, Geoff Brown was fiddling with his gravity detector. Brown was a soft-spoken British geophysicist with long white hair and matching beard. He had brought with him an aluminum box the size of a car battery that he hoped could be used to track molten magma as it rose to the surface of a volcanic vent. The instrument detected infinitesimal changes in gravity, and because magma is lighter than solid rock, Brown was hoping to tell by testing the gravity field beneath Galeras if there was an eruption on the way . . .

    Joining Brown in his work and watching him inspect his gravity box were two Colombians . . .

    Geoff Brown sat his gravimeter on a makeshift stand, turned and twisted the dials, put his nose right up to the instrument, checked the readings, and took a few notes.
    Victoria Bruce, No Apparent Danger: The True Story of Volcanic Disaster at Galeras and Nevado Del Ruiz (New York: HarperCollins, 2001),  ch. 9
    Geoff Brown was next. The British scientist was anxious to get more familiar with his new gravity instrument and be sure it was working properly—he had been out working the previous day collecting gravity data from the center of Pasto to the top of Galeras, and the numbers his device had recorded had seemed suspect.

    "He told me that the gravity apparatus wasn't working. . . ."
    Id., ch. 10.

    ("Gravimeter" is the term found in my New Oxford American Dictionary.)

    May 1, 2016

  • Farther east along the ridge, Geoff Brown was fiddling with his gravity detector. Brown was a soft-spoken British geophysicist with long white hair and matching beard. He had brought with him an aluminum box the size of a car battery that he hoped could be used to track molten magma as it rose to the surface of a volcanic vent. The instrument detected infinitesimal changes in gravity, and because magma is lighter than solid rock, Brown was hoping to tell by testing the gravity field beneath Galeras if there was an eruption on the way . . .

    Joining Brown in his work and watching him inspect his gravity box were two Colombians . . .

    Geoff Brown sat his gravimeter on a makeshift stand, turned and twisted the dials, put his nose right up to the instrument, checked the readings, and took a few notes.
    Victoria Bruce, No Apparent Danger: The True Story of Volcanic Disaster at Galeras and Nevado Del Ruiz (New York: HarperCollins, 2001),  ch. 9
    Geoff Brown was next. The British scientist was anxious to get more familiar with his new gravity instrument and be sure it was working properly—he had been out working the previous day collecting gravity data from the center of Pasto to the top of Galeras, and the numbers his device had recorded had seemed suspect.

    . . .

    "He told me that the gravity apparatus wasn't working. . . ."
    Id., ch. 10.

    ("Gravimeter" is the term found in my New Oxford American Dictionary.)

    May 1, 2016

  • Two economists from the Chicago Booth School of Business, Marianne Bertrand and Adair Morse, found that the trends might be related. They called their theory “trickle-down consumption”: “Households exposed to more spending by the rich self-report more financial duress,” they concluded. They even discovered a positive relationship between the income of the state’s richest households and the number of personal bankruptcies in that state. (It wasn’t just about rising home prices: Their finding was strong even after controlling for that.)

    Instead, they found that conspicuous wealth was, well, contagious. When people see others living the high life, they try to buy it for themselves, even when they can’t afford it. Middle-class households in rich states shifted their spending from “non-rich goods”—gas, utilities, food at home—to “rich goods,” like clothing, jewelry, furniture, manicures, and exercise classes. If not for this shift, the non-rich would have saved an additional $800 a year in the late 2000s.

    Derek Thompso "Why Don't Americans Save More Money?" The Atlantic, April 19, 2016.

    See Marianne Bertrand & Adair Morse, Trickle-Down Consumption (working paper, 2012)

    April 27, 2016

  • Much ink and many pixels have been spilled over the past few years about the rise of the gig economy, sharing economy, on-demand economy, 1099 economy, freelancer economy or whatever you prefer to call it. Some of the claims about its growth have been overstated, and I’ve written several columns trying to debunk them, or at least put them in context.
    Justin Fox, The Gig Economy Is Powered by Old People, Bloomberg View, April 4, 2016.

    April 6, 2016

  • Much ink and many pixels have been spilled over the past few years about the rise of the gig economy, sharing economy, on-demand economy, 1099 economy, freelancer economy or whatever you prefer to call it. Some of the claims about its growth have been overstated, and I’ve written several columns trying to debunk them, or at least put them in context.
    Justin Fox, The Gig Economy Is Powered by Old People, Bloomberg View, April 4, 2016.

    April 6, 2016

  • There are a lot of names for it: the "sharing economy," the "gig economy" and the "on-demand economy" seem to be the three most popular. But the most precise description of the new labor relationships being enabled by digital technology may actually be, in the U.S. at least, the "1099 economy."

    The 1099-MISC is the form that businesses, nonprofits and government agencies have to fill out when they pay someone $600 or more a year in nonemployee compensation.

    Justin Fox, The Rise of the 1099 Economy, Bloomberg View, Dec. 11, 2015.

    April 6, 2016

  • There are a lot of names for it: the "sharing economy," the "gig economy" and the "on-demand economy" seem to be the three most popular. But the most precise description of the new labor relationships being enabled by digital technology may actually be, in the U.S. at least, the "1099 economy."

    The 1099-MISC is the form that businesses, nonprofits and government agencies have to fill out when they pay someone $600 or more a year in nonemployee compensation.

    Justin Fox, The Rise of the 1099 Economy, Bloomberg View, Dec. 11, 2015.

    April 6, 2016

  • There are a lot of names for it: the "sharing economy," the "gig economy" and the "on-demand economy" seem to be the three most popular. But the most precise description of the new labor relationships being enabled by digital technology may actually be, in the U.S. at least, the "1099 economy."

    The 1099-MISC is the form that businesses, nonprofits and government agencies have to fill out when they pay someone $600 or more a year in nonemployee compensation.

    Justin Fox, The Rise of the 1099 Economy, Bloomberg View, Dec. 11, 2015.

    April 6, 2016

  • There are a lot of names for it: the "sharing economy," the "gig economy" and the "on-demand economy" seem to be the three most popular. But the most precise description of the new labor relationships being enabled by digital technology may actually be, in the U.S. at least, the "1099 economy."

    The 1099-MISC is the form that businesses, nonprofits and government agencies have to fill out when they pay someone $600 or more a year in nonemployee compensation.

    Justin Fox, The Rise of the 1099 Economy, Bloomberg View, Dec. 11, 2015.

    April 6, 2016

  • IN THE early 20th century Henry Ford combined moving assembly lines with mass labour to make building cars much cheaper and quicker—thus turning the automobile from a rich man’s toy into transport for the masses. Today a growing group of entrepreneurs is striving to do the same to services, bringing together computer power with freelance workers to supply luxuries that were once reserved for the wealthy. Uber provides chauffeurs. Handy supplies cleaners. SpoonRocket delivers restaurant meals to your door. Instacart keeps your fridge stocked. In San Francisco a young computer programmer can already live like a princess.

    Yet this on-demand economy goes much wider than the occasional luxury. Click on Medicast’s app, and a doctor will be knocking on your door within two hours. Want a lawyer or a consultant? Axiom will supply the former, Eden McCallum the latter. Other companies offer prizes to freelances to solve R&D problems or to come up with advertising ideas. And a growing number of agencies are delivering freelances of all sorts, such as Freelancer.com and Elance-oDesk, which links up 9.3m workers for hire with 3.7m companies.

    The on-demand economy is small, but it is growing quickly.

    Workers on Tap, Economist, Jan. 3, 2015

    April 6, 2016

  • LAST night 40,000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers 250,000 rooms in 30,000 cities in 192 countries. They chose their rooms and paid for everything online. But their beds were provided by private individuals, rather than a hotel chain. Hosts and guests were matched up by Airbnb, a firm based in San Francisco. Since its launch in 2008 more than 4m people have used it—2.5m of them in 2012 alone. It is the most prominent example of a huge new “sharing economy”, in which people rent beds, cars, boats and other assets directly from each other, co-ordinated via the internet.
    The Rise of the Sharing Economy, Economist, March 9, 2013.

    Such “collaborative consumption” is a good thing for several reasons. Owners make money from underused assets. . . . Renters, meanwhile, pay less than they would if they bought the item themselves, or turned to a traditional provider such as a hotel or car-hire firm. . . . And there are environmental benefits, too: renting a car when you need it, rather than owning one, means fewer cars are required and fewer resources must be devoted to making them.
    Id.

    April 6, 2016

  • LAST night 40,000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers 250,000 rooms in 30,000 cities in 192 countries. They chose their rooms and paid for everything online. But their beds were provided by private individuals, rather than a hotel chain. Hosts and guests were matched up by Airbnb, a firm based in San Francisco. Since its launch in 2008 more than 4m people have used it—2.5m of them in 2012 alone. It is the most prominent example of a huge new “sharing economy”, in which people rent beds, cars, boats and other assets directly from each other, co-ordinated via the internet.
    The Rise of the Sharing Economy, Economist, March 9, 2013.

    Such “collaborative consumption” is a good thing for several reasons. Owners make money from underused assets. . . . Renters, meanwhile, pay less than they would if they bought the item themselves, or turned to a traditional provider such as a hotel or car-hire firm. . . . And there are environmental benefits, too: renting a car when you need it, rather than owning one, means fewer cars are required and fewer resources must be devoted to making them.
    Id.

    April 6, 2016

  • Growing numbers of Americans no longer hold a regular “job” with a long-term connection to a particular business. Instead, they work “gigs” where they are employed on a particular task or for a defined time, with little more connection to their employer than a consumer has with a particular brand of chips. Borrowed from the music industry, the word “gig” has been applied to all sorts of flexible employment (otherwise referred to as “contingent labor,” “temp labor,” or the “precariat”). Some have praised the rise of the gig economy for freeing workers from the grip of employers’ “internal labor markets,” where career advancement is tied to a particular business instead of competitive bidding between employers. Rather than being driven by worker preferences, however, the rise of the gig economy comes from employers’ drive to lower costs, especially during business downturns. Gig workers experience greater insecurity than workers in traditional jobs and suffer from lack of access to established systems of social insurance.
    Gerald Friedman, The Rise of the Gig Economy, Dollars & Sense, March/April 2014

    April 6, 2016

  • Growing numbers of Americans no longer hold a regular “job” with a long-term connection to a particular business. Instead, they work “gigs” where they are employed on a particular task or for a defined time, with little more connection to their employer than a consumer has with a particular brand of chips. Borrowed from the music industry, the word “gig” has been applied to all sorts of flexible employment (otherwise referred to as “contingent labor,” “temp labor,” or the “precariat”). Some have praised the rise of the gig economy for freeing workers from the grip of employers’ “internal labor markets,” where career advancement is tied to a particular business instead of competitive bidding between employers. Rather than being driven by worker preferences, however, the rise of the gig economy comes from employers’ drive to lower costs, especially during business downturns. Gig workers experience greater insecurity than workers in traditional jobs and suffer from lack of access to established systems of social insurance.
    Gerald Friedman, The Rise of the Gig Economy, Dollars & Sense, March/April 2014

    April 6, 2016

  • Growing numbers of Americans no longer hold a regular “job” with a long-term connection to a particular business. Instead, they work “gigs” where they are employed on a particular task or for a defined time, with little more connection to their employer than a consumer has with a particular brand of chips. Borrowed from the music industry, the word “gig” has been applied to all sorts of flexible employment (otherwise referred to as “contingent labor,” “temp labor,” or the “precariat”). Some have praised the rise of the gig economy for freeing workers from the grip of employers’ “internal labor markets,” where career advancement is tied to a particular business instead of competitive bidding between employers. Rather than being driven by worker preferences, however, the rise of the gig economy comes from employers’ drive to lower costs, especially during business downturns. Gig workers experience greater insecurity than workers in traditional jobs and suffer from lack of access to established systems of social insurance.
    Gerald Friedman, The Rise of the Gig Economy, Dollars & Sense, March/April 2014

    April 6, 2016

  • Growing numbers of Americans no longer hold a regular “job” with a long-term connection to a particular business. Instead, they work “gigs” where they are employed on a particular task or for a defined time, with little more connection to their employer than a consumer has with a particular brand of chips. Borrowed from the music industry, the word “gig” has been applied to all sorts of flexible employment (otherwise referred to as “contingent labor,” “temp labor,” or the “precariat”). Some have praised the rise of the gig economy for freeing workers from the grip of employers’ “internal labor markets,” where career advancement is tied to a particular business instead of competitive bidding between employers. Rather than being driven by worker preferences, however, the rise of the gig economy comes from employers’ drive to lower costs, especially during business downturns. Gig workers experience greater insecurity than workers in traditional jobs and suffer from lack of access to established systems of social insurance.
    Gerald Friedman, The Rise of the Gig Economy, Dollars & Sense, March/April 2014

    April 6, 2016

  • Growing numbers of Americans no longer hold a regular “job” with a long-term connection to a particular business. Instead, they work “gigs” where they are employed on a particular task or for a defined time, with little more connection to their employer than a consumer has with a particular brand of chips. Borrowed from the music industry, the word “gig” has been applied to all sorts of flexible employment (otherwise referred to as “contingent labor,” “temp labor,” or the “precariat”). Some have praised the rise of the gig economy for freeing workers from the grip of employers’ “internal labor markets,” where career advancement is tied to a particular business instead of competitive bidding between employers. Rather than being driven by worker preferences, however, the rise of the gig economy comes from employers’ drive to lower costs, especially during business downturns. Gig workers experience greater insecurity than workers in traditional jobs and suffer from lack of access to established systems of social insurance.
    Gerald Friedman, The Rise of the Gig Economy, Dollars & Sense, March/April 2014

    April 6, 2016

  • Growing numbers of Americans no longer hold a regular “job” with a long-term connection to a particular business. Instead, they work “gigs” where they are employed on a particular task or for a defined time, with little more connection to their employer than a consumer has with a particular brand of chips. Borrowed from the music industry, the word “gig” has been applied to all sorts of flexible employment (otherwise referred to as “contingent labor,” “temp labor,” or the “precariat”). Some have praised the rise of the gig economy for freeing workers from the grip of employers’ “internal labor markets,” where career advancement is tied to a particular business instead of competitive bidding between employers. Rather than being driven by worker preferences, however, the rise of the gig economy comes from employers’ drive to lower costs, especially during business downturns. Gig workers experience greater insecurity than workers in traditional jobs and suffer from lack of access to established systems of social insurance.
    Gerald Friedman, The Rise of the Gig Economy, Dollars & Sense, March/April 2014

    April 6, 2016

  • Good point, bilby!

    April 5, 2016

  • Emperor Joseph II, who reigned from 1780 to 1790, thought of himself as a modern man, and a good one. . . . By his decree, "No man shall be compelled in future to profess the religion of the state." This "tolerance patent" meant that, after 150 years, Czechs were once again free to practice the Protestant and Christian Orthodox faiths. Joseph also endeavored to integrate Bohemia's Jewish community—at the time the largest in the world—by lifitn grestrictions on employment, eliminating special taxes, and requiring the use of German in education.
    Madeleine Albright, Prague Winter: A Personal Story of Remembrance and War, 1937-1948 (New York: HarperCollins, 2012), p. 43.

    April 5, 2016

  • During World War II, the BBC broadcast 15-minute radio programs from the Czechoslovak government in exile to Czechoslovakia.

    To receive the signal, Czechs had to install in their radios a homemade device&mdashcalled a "little Churchill"—involving a bedspring and a toilet paper roll. The authorities required that every radio bear a sticker warning that the penalty for tuning in to a foreign station was death. . . . Accordingly, regular listeners were careful to hide the device and to retune their radio after signing off.
    Madeleine Albright, Prague Winter: A Personal Story of Remembrance and War, 1937-1948 (New York: HarperCollins, 2012), p. 234

    April 5, 2016

  • The cop-social worker program has its fans. But it also has critics.

    Rachel Fyall teaches public policy and governance at the Evans School at the University of Washington. She says this partnership between the Downtown Seattle Association and the police may help people, but it fits into a riskier, larger trend that started in the 1980s.

    “We call it a lot of things: 'The contracting regime,' or 'the shadow of bureaucracy.' 'The hollowing out of government,'” Fyall says.

    The problem is that a government that doesn’t do social work forgets how to do it. And by farming out social work to contractors, we create an industry devoted to social work – an industry that’s less transparent and less accountable than public employees would be.

    Fyall says the key is to pay close attention to results of programs like this – and to hold non-profits accountable.

    Joshua McNichols, Why Seattle Cops and Social Works Walk the Beat Together, KUOW.org, March 29, 2016

    April 5, 2016

  • The cop-social worker program has its fans. But it also has critics.

    Rachel Fyall teaches public policy and governance at the Evans School at the University of Washington. She says this partnership between the Downtown Seattle Association and the police may help people, but it fits into a riskier, larger trend that started in the 1980s.

    “We call it a lot of things: 'The contracting regime,' or 'the shadow of bureaucracy.' 'The hollowing out of government,'” Fyall says.

    The problem is that a government that doesn’t do social work forgets how to do it. And by farming out social work to contractors, we create an industry devoted to social work – an industry that’s less transparent and less accountable than public employees would be.

    Fyall says the key is to pay close attention to results of programs like this – and to hold non-profits accountable.

    Joshua McNichols, Why Seattle Cops and Social Works Walk the Beat Together, KUOW.org, March 29, 2016

    April 5, 2016

  • The cop-social worker program has its fans. But it also has critics.

    Rachel Fyall teaches public policy and governance at the Evans School at the University of Washington. She says this partnership between the Downtown Seattle Association and the police may help people, but it fits into a riskier, larger trend that started in the 1980s.

    “We call it a lot of things: 'The contracting regime,' or 'the shadow of bureaucracy.' 'The hollowing out of government,'” Fyall says.

    The problem is that a government that doesn’t do social work forgets how to do it. And by farming out social work to contractors, we create an industry devoted to social work – an industry that’s less transparent and less accountable than public employees would be.

    Fyall says the key is to pay close attention to results of programs like this – and to hold non-profits accountable.

    Joshua McNichols, Why Seattle Cops and Social Works Walk the Beat Together, KUOW.org, March 29, 2016

    April 5, 2016

  • bilby, you must have been right on it. I edited out the extraneous stuff within a minute or so.

    I've learned my lesson: don't try to do much here with my iPhone: it's too hard to proofread and edit.

    April 4, 2016

  • See parachute research

    April 4, 2016



  • Nurith Aizenman, Scientists Say It's Time To End 'Parachute Research', All Things Considered, NPR, April 2, 2016

    Critics call them "parachute researchers": Scientists from wealthy nations who swoop in when a puzzling disease breaks out in a developing country. They collect specimens, then head straight back home to analyze them. They don't coordinate with people fighting the epidemic on the ground — don't even share their discoveries for months, if ever.




    April 4, 2016

  • Preventable adverse events — injuries due to medical errors — are a major cause of death among Americans. Although some progress has been made in reducing certain types of adverse events, overall rates of errors remain extremely high. Failures of communication, including miscommunication during handoffs of patient care from one resident to another, are a leading cause of errors; such miscommunications contribute to two of every three “sentinel events,” the most serious events reported to the Joint Commission. The omission of critical information and the transfer of erroneous information during handoffs are common. As resident work hours have been reduced, handoffs between residents have increased in frequency.

    Amy J. Starmer et al.l, "Changes in Medical Errors after Implementation of a Handoff Program, New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 371, pp. 1803-12 (2014) (footnotes omitted).

    March 23, 2016

  • Preventable adverse events — injuries due to medical errors — are a major cause of death among Americans. Although some progress has been made in reducing certain types of adverse events, overall rates of errors remain extremely high. Failures of communication, including miscommunication during handoffs of patient care from one resident to another, are a leading cause of errors; such miscommunications contribute to two of every three “sentinel events,” the most serious events reported to the Joint Commission. The omission of critical information and the transfer of erroneous information during handoffs are common. As resident work hours have been reduced, handoffs between residents have increased in frequency.

    Amy J. Starmer et al.l, "Changes in Medical Errors after Implementation of a Handoff Program, New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 371, pp. 1803-12 (2014) (footnotes omitted).

    March 23, 2016

  • Preventable adverse events — injuries due to medical errors — are a major cause of death among Americans. Although some progress has been made in reducing certain types of adverse events, overall rates of errors remain extremely high. Failures of communication, including miscommunication during handoffs of patient care from one resident to another, are a leading cause of errors; such miscommunications contribute to two of every three “sentinel events,” the most serious events reported to the Joint Commission. The omission of critical information and the transfer of erroneous information during handoffs are common. As resident work hours have been reduced, handoffs between residents have increased in frequency.

    Amy J. Starmer et al.l, "Changes in Medical Errors after Implementation of a Handoff Program, New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 371, pp. 1803-12 (2014) (footnotes omitted).

    March 23, 2016

  • See hand-ff.

    March 23, 2016

  • Preventable adverse events — injuries due to medical errors — are a major cause of death among Americans. Although some progress has been made in reducing certain types of adverse events, overall rates of errors remain extremely high. Failures of communication, including miscommunication during handoffs of patient care from one resident to another, are a leading cause of errors; such miscommunications contribute to two of every three “sentinel events,” the most serious events reported to the Joint Commission. The omission of critical information and the transfer of erroneous information during handoffs are common. As resident work hours have been reduced, handoffs between residents have increased in frequency.
    Amy J. Starmer et al.l, "Changes in Medical Errors after Implementation of a Handoff Program, New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 371, pp. 1803-12 (2014) (footnotes omitted).

    March 23, 2016

  • A spoil tip (also called a spoil bank, boney pile, gob pile, bing, batch or pit heap) is a pile built of accumulated spoil – the overburden or other waste rock removed during coal and ore mining.

    Gob Pile, Coal Ash Chronicles (emphasis added)

    March 15, 2016

  • A spoil tip (also called a spoil bank, boney pile, gob pile, bing, batch or pit heap) is a pile built of accumulated spoil – the overburden or other waste rock removed during coal and ore mining.

    Gob Pile, Coal Ash Chronicles (emphasis added)

    March 15, 2016

  • A spoil tip (also called a spoil bank, boney pile, gob pile, bing, batch or pit heap) is a pile built of accumulated spoil – the overburden or other waste rock removed during coal and ore mining.

    Gob Pile, Coal Ash Chronicles (emphasis added)

    March 15, 2016

  • A spoil tip (also called a spoil bank, boney pile, gob pile, bing, batch or pit heap) is a pile built of accumulated spoil – the overburden or other waste rock removed during coal and ore mining.

    Gob Pile, Coal Ash Chronicles (emphasis added)

    March 15, 2016

  • A spoil tip (also called a spoil bank, boney pile, gob pile, bing, batch or pit heap) is a pile built of accumulated spoil – the overburden or other waste rock removed during coal and ore mining.

    Gob Pile, Coal Ash Chronicles (emphasis added)

    March 15, 2016

  • A spoil tip (also called a spoil bank, boney pile, gob pile, bing, batch or pit heap) is a pile built of accumulated spoil – the overburden or other waste rock removed during coal and ore mining.

    Gob Pile, Coal Ash Chronicles (emphasis added)

    March 15, 2016

  • A spoil tip (also called a spoil bank, boney pile, gob pile, bing, batch or pit heap) is a pile built of accumulated spoil – the overburden or other waste rock removed during coal and ore mining.

    Gob Pile, Coal Ash Chronicles (emphasis added)

    March 15, 2016

  • In Canada, petroleum products have been extracted from "oil sands" or "tar sands." . . .

    The oil sands yield bitumen, a highly viscous form of petroleum that is produced by surface mining or by in situ recovery. Surface mining is preferred for deposits within 75 m of the surface. In situ recovery, in which steam is injected to mobilize bitumen underground, is used for deeper deposits . . .

    After separation from the host rock, bitumen is modified for transport. Commonly, it is combined with lower-density hydrocarbon mixtures (condensates, synthetic crude, or a mixture of both) to obtain a product with an acceptable viscosity and density for transport to refineries via pipeline. This engineered fluid is referred to as diluted bitumen. Common names refer to subtypes (e.g., dilbit, synbit, railbit, and dilsynbit) but, for simplicity, the term diluted bitumen as used in this report encompasses all bitumen blends that have been mixed with lighter products.

    Comm. on the Effects of Diluted Bitumen on the Environment, Nat'l Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines: A Comparative Study of Environmental Fate, Effects, and Response (2016), pp. 11-12 (emphasis added).

    March 15, 2016

  • In Canada, petroleum products have been extracted from "oil sands" or "tar sands." . . .

    The oil sands yield bitumen, a highly viscous form of petroleum that is produced by surface mining or by in situ recovery. Surface mining is preferred for deposits within 75 m of the surface. In situ recovery, in which steam is injected to mobilize bitumen underground, is used for deeper deposits . . .

    After separation from the host rock, bitumen is modified for transport. Commonly, it is combined with lower-density hydrocarbon mixtures (condensates, synthetic crude, or a mixture of both) to obtain a product with an acceptable viscosity and density for transport to refineries via pipeline. This engineered fluid is referred to as diluted bitumen. Common names refer to subtypes (e.g., dilbit, synbit, railbit, and dilsynbit) but, for simplicity, the term diluted bitumen as used in this report encompasses all bitumen blends that have been mixed with lighter products.

    Comm. on the Effects of Diluted Bitumen on the Environment, Nat'l Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines: A Comparative Study of Environmental Fate, Effects, and Response (2016), pp. 11-12 (emphasis added).

    March 15, 2016

  • In Canada, petroleum products have been extracted from "oil sands" or "tar sands." . . .

    The oil sands yield bitumen, a highly viscous form of petroleum that is produced by surface mining or by in situ recovery. Surface mining is preferred for deposits within 75 m of the surface. In situ recovery, in which steam is injected to mobilize bitumen underground, is used for deeper deposits . . .

    After separation from the host rock, bitumen is modified for transport. Commonly, it is combined with lower-density hydrocarbon mixtures (condensates, synthetic crude, or a mixture of both) to obtain a product with an acceptable viscosity and density for transport to refineries via pipeline. This engineered fluid is referred to as diluted bitumen. Common names refer to subtypes (e.g., dilbit, synbit, railbit, and dilsynbit) but, for simplicity, the term diluted bitumen as used in this report encompasses all bitumen blends that have been mixed with lighter products.

    Comm. on the Effects of Diluted Bitumen on the Environment, Nat'l Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines: A Comparative Study of Environmental Fate, Effects, and Response (2016), pp. 11-12 (emphasis added).

    March 15, 2016

  • In Canada, petroleum products have been extracted from "oil sands" or "tar sands." . . .

    The oil sands yield bitumen, a highly viscous form of petroleum that is produced by surface mining or by in situ recovery. Surface mining is preferred for deposits within 75 m of the surface. In situ recovery, in which steam is injected to mobilize bitumen underground, is used for deeper deposits . . .

    After separation from the host rock, bitumen is modified for transport. Commonly, it is combined with lower-density hydrocarbon mixtures (condensates, synthetic crude, or a mixture of both) to obtain a product with an acceptable viscosity and density for transport to refineries via pipeline. This engineered fluid is referred to as diluted bitumen. Common names refer to subtypes (e.g., dilbit, synbit, railbit, and dilsynbit) but, for simplicity, the term diluted bitumen as used in this report encompasses all bitumen blends that have been mixed with lighter products.

    Comm. on the Effects of Diluted Bitumen on the Environment, Nat'l Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines: A Comparative Study of Environmental Fate, Effects, and Response (2016), pp. 11-12 (emphasis added).

    March 15, 2016

  • In Canada, petroleum products have been extracted from "oil sands" or "tar sands." . . .

    The oil sands yield bitumen, a highly viscous form of petroleum that is produced by surface mining or by in situ recovery. Surface mining is preferred for deposits within 75 m of the surface. In situ recovery, in which steam is injected to mobilize bitumen underground, is used for deeper deposits . . .

    After separation from the host rock, bitumen is modified for transport. Commonly, it is combined with lower-density hydrocarbon mixtures (condensates, synthetic crude, or a mixture of both) to obtain a product with an acceptable viscosity and density for transport to refineries via pipeline. This engineered fluid is referred to as diluted bitumen. Common names refer to subtypes (e.g., dilbit, synbit, railbit, and dilsynbit) but, for simplicity, the term diluted bitumen as used in this report encompasses all bitumen blends that have been mixed with lighter products.

    Comm. on the Effects of Diluted Bitumen on the Environment, Nat'l Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines: A Comparative Study of Environmental Fate, Effects, and Response (2016), pp. 11-12 (emphasis added).

    March 15, 2016

  • In Canada, petroleum products have been extracted from "oil sands" or "tar sands." . . .

    The oil sands yield bitumen, a highly viscous form of petroleum that is produced by surface mining or by in situ recovery. Surface mining is preferred for deposits within 75 m of the surface. In situ recovery, in which steam is injected to mobilize bitumen underground, is used for deeper deposits . . .

    After separation from the host rock, bitumen is modified for transport. Commonly, it is combined with lower-density hydrocarbon mixtures (condensates, synthetic crude, or a mixture of both) to obtain a product with an acceptable viscosity and density for transport to refineries via pipeline. This engineered fluid is referred to as diluted bitumen. Common names refer to subtypes (e.g., dilbit, synbit, railbit, and dilsynbit) but, for simplicity, the term diluted bitumen as used in this report encompasses all bitumen blends that have been mixed with lighter products.

    Comm. on the Effects of Diluted Bitumen on the Environment, Nat'l Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines: A Comparative Study of Environmental Fate, Effects, and Response (2016), pp. 11-12 (emphasis added).

    March 15, 2016

  • In Canada, petroleum products have been extracted from "oil sands" or "tar sands." . . .

    The oil sands yield bitumen, a highly viscous form of petroleum that is produced by surface mining or by in situ recovery. Surface mining is preferred for deposits within 75 m of the surface. In situ recovery, in which steam is injected to mobilize bitumen underground, is used for deeper deposits . . .

    After separation from the host rock, bitumen is modified for transport. Commonly, it is combined with lower-density hydrocarbon mixtures (condensates, synthetic crude, or a mixture of both) to obtain a product with an acceptable viscosity and density for transport to refineries via pipeline. This engineered fluid is referred to as diluted bitumen. Common names refer to subtypes (e.g., dilbit, synbit, railbit, and dilsynbit) but, for simplicity, the term diluted bitumen as used in this report encompasses all bitumen blends that have been mixed with lighter products.

    Comm. on the Effects of Diluted Bitumen on the Environment, Nat'l Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines: A Comparative Study of Environmental Fate, Effects, and Response (2016), pp. 11-12 (emphasis added).

    March 15, 2016

  • In Canada, petroleum products have been extracted from "oil sands" or "tar sands." . . .

    The oil sands yield bitumen, a highly viscous form of petroleum that is produced by surface mining or by in situ recovery. Surface mining is preferred for deposits within 75 m of the surface. In situ recovery, in which steam is injected to mobilize bitumen underground, is used for deeper deposits . . .

    After separation from the host rock, bitumen is modified for transport. Commonly, it is combined with lower-density hydrocarbon mixtures (condensates, synthetic crude, or a mixture of both) to obtain a product with an acceptable viscosity and density for transport to refineries via pipeline. This engineered fluid is referred to as diluted bitumen. Common names refer to subtypes (e.g., dilbit, synbit, railbit, and dilsynbit) but, for simplicity, the term diluted bitumen as used in this report encompasses all bitumen blends that have been mixed with lighter products.

    Comm. on the Effects of Diluted Bitumen on the Environment, Nat'l Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines: A Comparative Study of Environmental Fate, Effects, and Response (2016), pp. 11-12 (emphasis added).

    March 15, 2016

  • Pathologists study the causes and effects of human disease and injury: all sorts of disease, all manner of injury, in every part of the human body. . . .

    A forensic pathologist is a specialist in this branch of medicine who investigates sudden, unexpected, or violent deaths by visiting the scene, reviewing medical records, and performing an autopsy—all while collecting evidence that might be used in court. Like a clinical pathologist, she has to recognize what everything in the body looks like, but the forensic pathologist also has to understand how it all works. She has to know how all the things that go wrong with the body can kill you, and all the ways that trying to fix those things might also kill you. . . .

    Forensic pathologists work for either a medical examiner's office or a coroner. The latter is an administrator or law enforcement official (often the sheriff) who investigates untimely deaths in his or her jurisdiction. The coroner hires doctors to perform autopsies, but these doctors usually don't play an active role in the investigation beyond their work in the morgue. A medical examiner is a physician trained specifically in death investigation and autopsy pathology, who performs both the prosection (Latin for "cutting apart") and all other aspects of the official inquiry. The ME is always a doctor and often trains other doctors as well, in a one-year fellowship program that follows four years of residence training in hospital pathology

    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), pp. 13-14 (emphasis added).

    March 9, 2016

  • Pathologists study the causes and effects of human disease and injury: all sorts of disease, all manner of injury, in every part of the human body. . . .

    A forensic pathologist is a specialist in this branch of medicine who investigates sudden, unexpected, or violent deaths by visiting the scene, reviewing medical records, and performing an autopsy—all while collecting evidence that might be used in court. Like a clinical pathologist, she has to recognize what everything in the body looks like, but the forensic pathologist also has to understand how it all works. She has to know how all the things that go wrong with the body can kill you, and all the ways that trying to fix those things might also kill you. . . .

    Forensic pathologists work for either a medical examiner's office or a coroner. The latter is an administrator or law enforcement official (often the sheriff) who investigates untimely deaths in his or her jurisdiction. The coroner hires doctors to perform autopsies, but these doctors usually don't play an active role in the investigation beyond their work in the morgue. A medical examiner is a physician trained specifically in death investigation and autopsy pathology, who performs both the prosection (Latin for "cutting apart") and all other aspects of the official inquiry. The ME is always a doctor and often trains other doctors as well, in a one-year fellowship program that follows four years of residence training in hospital pathology

    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), pp. 13-14 (emphasis added).

    March 9, 2016

  • Pathologists study the causes and effects of human disease and injury: all sorts of disease, all manner of injury, in every part of the human body. . . .

    A forensic pathologist is a specialist in this branch of medicine who investigates sudden, unexpected, or violent deaths by visiting the scene, reviewing medical records, and performing an autopsy—all while collecting evidence that might be used in court. Like a clinical pathologist, she has to recognize what everything in the body looks like, but the forensic pathologist also has to understand how it all works. She has to know how all the things that go wrong with the body can kill you, and all the ways that trying to fix those things might also kill you. . . .

    Forensic pathologists work for either a medical examiner's office or a coroner. The latter is an administrator or law enforcement official (often the sheriff) who investigates untimely deaths in his or her jurisdiction. The coroner hires doctors to perform autopsies, but these doctors usually don't play an active role in the investigation beyond their work in the morgue. A medical examiner is a physician trained specifically in death investigation and autopsy pathology, who performs both the prosection (Latin for "cutting apart") and all other aspects of the official inquiry. The ME is always a doctor and often trains other doctors as well, in a one-year fellowship program that follows four years of residence training in hospital pathology

    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), pp. 13-14 (emphasis added).

    March 9, 2016

  • Pathologists study the causes and effects of human disease and injury: all sorts of disease, all manner of injury, in every part of the human body. . . .

    A forensic pathologist is a specialist in this branch of medicine who investigates sudden, unexpected, or violent deaths by visiting the scene, reviewing medical records, and performing an autopsy—all while collecting evidence that might be used in court. Like a clinical pathologist, she has to recognize what everything in the body looks like, but the forensic pathologist also has to understand how it all works. She has to know how all the things that go wrong with the body can kill you, and all the ways that trying to fix those things might also kill you. . . .

    Forensic pathologists work for either a medical examiner's office or a coroner. The latter is an administrator or law enforcement official (often the sheriff) who investigates untimely deaths in his or her jurisdiction. The coroner hires doctors to perform autopsies, but these doctors usually don't play an active role in the investigation beyond their work in the morgue. A medical examiner is a physician trained specifically in death investigation and autopsy pathology, who performs both the prosection (Latin for "cutting apart") and all other aspects of the official inquiry. The ME is always a doctor and often trains other doctors as well, in a one-year fellowship program that follows four years of residence training in hospital pathology

    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), pp. 13-14 (emphasis added).

    March 9, 2016

  • Pathologists study the causes and effects of human disease and injury: all sorts of disease, all manner of injury, in every part of the human body. . . .

    A forensic pathologist is a specialist in this branch of medicine who investigates sudden, unexpected, or violent deaths by visiting the scene, reviewing medical records, and performing an autopsy—all while collecting evidence that might be used in court. Like a clinical pathologist, she has to recognize what everything in the body looks like, but the forensic pathologist also has to understand how it all works. She has to know how all the things that go wrong with the body can kill you, and all the ways that trying to fix those things might also kill you. . . .

    Forensic pathologists work for either a medical examiner's office or a coroner. The latter is an administrator or law enforcement official (often the sheriff) who investigates untimely deaths in his or her jurisdiction. The coroner hires doctors to perform autopsies, but these doctors usually don't play an active role in the investigation beyond their work in the morgue. A medical examiner is a physician trained specifically in death investigation and autopsy pathology, who performs both the prosection (Latin for "cutting apart") and all other aspects of the official inquiry. The ME is always a doctor and often trains other doctors as well, in a one-year fellowship program that follows four years of residence training in hospital pathology

    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), pp. 13-14 (emphasis added).

    March 9, 2016

  • Pathologists study the causes and effects of human disease and injury: all sorts of disease, all manner of injury, in every part of the human body. . . .

    A forensic pathologist is a specialist in this branch of medicine who investigates sudden, unexpected, or violent deaths by visiting the scene, reviewing medical records, and performing an autopsy—all while collecting evidence that might be used in court. Like a clinical pathologist, she has to recognize what everything in the body looks like, but the forensic pathologist also has to understand how it all works. She has to know how all the things that go wrong with the body can kill you, and all the ways that trying to fix those things might also kill you. . . .

    Forensic pathologists work for either a medical examiner's office or a coroner. The latter is an administrator or law enforcement official (often the sheriff) who investigates untimely deaths in his or her jurisdiction. The coroner hires doctors to perform autopsies, but these doctors usually don't play an active role in the investigation beyond their work in the morgue. A medical examiner is a physician trained specifically in death investigation and autopsy pathology, who performs both the prosection (Latin for "cutting apart") and all other aspects of the official inquiry. The ME is always a doctor and often trains other doctors as well, in a one-year fellowship program that follows four years of residence training in hospital pathology

    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), pp. 13-14 (emphasis added).

    March 9, 2016

  • Pathologists study the causes and effects of human disease and injury: all sorts of disease, all manner of injury, in every part of the human body. . . .

    A forensic pathologist is a specialist in this branch of medicine who investigates sudden, unexpected, or violent deaths by visiting the scene, reviewing medical records, and performing an autopsy—all while collecting evidence that might be used in court. Like a clinical pathologist, she has to recognize what everything in the body looks like, but the forensic pathologist also has to understand how it all works. She has to know how all the things that go wrong with the body can kill you, and all the ways that trying to fix those things might also kill you. . . .

    Forensic pathologists work for either a medical examiner's office or a coroner. The latter is an administrator or law enforcement official (often the sheriff) who investigates untimely deaths in his or her jurisdiction. The coroner hires doctors to perform autopsies, but these doctors usually don't play an active role in the investigation beyond their work in the morgue. A medical examiner is a physician trained specifically in death investigation and autopsy pathology, who performs both the prosection (Latin for "cutting apart") and all other aspects of the official inquiry. The ME is always a doctor and often trains other doctors as well, in a one-year fellowship program that follows four years of residence training in hospital pathology

    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), pp. 13-14 (emphasis added).

    March 9, 2016

  • Pathologists study the causes and effects of human disease and injury: all sorts of disease, all manner of injury, in every part of the human body. . . .

    A forensic pathologist is a specialist in this branch of medicine who investigates sudden, unexpected, or violent deaths by visiting the scene, reviewing medical records, and performing an autopsy—all while collecting evidence that might be used in court. Like a clinical pathologist, she has to recognize what everything in the body looks like, but the forensic pathologist also has to understand how it all works. She has to know how all the things that go wrong with the body can kill you, and all the ways that trying to fix those things might also kill you. . . .

    Forensic pathologists work for either a medical examiner's office or a coroner. The latter is an administrator or law enforcement official (often the sheriff) who investigates untimely deaths in his or her jurisdiction. The coroner hires doctors to perform autopsies, but these doctors usually don't play an active role in the investigation beyond their work in the morgue. A medical examiner is a physician trained specifically in death investigation and autopsy pathology, who performs both the prosection (Latin for "cutting apart") and all other aspects of the official inquiry. The ME is always a doctor and often trains other doctors as well, in a one-year fellowship program that follows four years of residence training in hospital pathology

    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), pp. 13-14 (emphasis added).

    March 9, 2016

  • Pathologists study the causes and effects of human disease and injury: all sorts of disease, all manner of injury, in every part of the human body. . . .

    A forensic pathologist is a specialist in this branch of medicine who investigates sudden, unexpected, or violent deaths by visiting the scene, reviewing medical records, and performing an autopsy—all while collecting evidence that might be used in court. Like a clinical pathologist, she has to recognize what everything in the body looks like, but the forensic pathologist also has to understand how it all works. She has to know how all the things that go wrong with the body can kill you, and all the ways that trying to fix those things might also kill you. . . .

    Forensic pathologists work for either a medical examiner's office or a coroner. The latter is an administrator or law enforcement official (often the sheriff) who investigates untimely deaths in his or her jurisdiction. The coroner hires doctors to perform autopsies, but these doctors usually don't play an active role in the investigation beyond their work in the morgue. A medical examiner is a physician trained specifically in death investigation and autopsy pathology, who performs both the prosection (Latin for "cutting apart") and all other aspects of the official inquiry. The ME is always a doctor and often trains other doctors as well, in a one-year fellowship program that follows four years of residence training in hospital pathology

    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), pp. 13-14 (emphasis added).

    March 9, 2016

  • Hyperal, short for hyperalimentation, is a type of intravenous nutritional supply that puts food energy directly into your bloodstream.
    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), p. 9 (emphasis added).

    March 9, 2016

  • Hyperal, short for hyperalimentation, is a type of intravenous nutritional supply that puts food energy directly into your bloodstream.
    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), p. 9 (emphasis added).

    March 9, 2016

  • I arived at this gruesome scene . . . with a team of MLIs, medicolegal investigators from the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner. . . . Medicolegal investigators are the medical examiner's first responders, going to the site of an untimely death, examining and documenting everything there, and transporting the body back to the city morgue for autopsy.
    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), p. 2 (emphasis added).

    March 9, 2016

  • I arived at this gruesome scene . . . with a team of MLIs, medicolegal investigators from the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner. . . . Medicolegal investigators are the medical examiner's first responders, going to the site of an untimely death, examining and documenting everything there, and transporting the body back to the city morgue for autopsy.
    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), p. 2 (emphasis added).

    March 9, 2016

  • I also had to perform my first New York State Sexual Offense Evidence Collection Kit, commonly (and inaccurately) called the rape kit. . . . The rape kit is a set of tools for collecting trace evidence, DNA, and evidence of sexual activity, whether consensual or not. Combined with a physical exam finding of bruising or laceration, the presence of sexual evidence might indicate the sex was not consensual—but my job was only to gather this evidence, and the police or DA would decide whether they needed it to press a charge.

    The rape kit consisted of a plastic bag with four cotton swabs and a bunch of small prelabeled envelopes, which fit inside one large envelope. The first swab was labeled to sample the vaginal vault, the second the anal area, and the third the oral cavity. The fourt swab was for "secretions." I didn't know what to do with it. . . . "Oh, that's for any suspeicious gunk you find anywhere else on the body," (a colleague) said. There was a fingernail clipper in the kit, and separate envelopes for the left and right fingernails—an assailant's DNA can be retrieved from under the victim's nails.

    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), p. 112 (emphasis added).

    March 8, 2016

  • I also had to perform my first New York State Sexual Offense Evidence Collection Kit, commonly (and inaccurately) called the rape kit. . . . The rape kit is a set of tools for collecting trace evidence, DNA, and evidence of sexual activity, whether consensual or not. Combined with a physical exam finding of bruising or laceration, the presence of sexual evidence might indicate the sex was not consensual—but my job was only to gather this evidence, and the police or DA would decide whether they needed it to press a charge.

    The rape kit consisted of a plastic bag with four cotton swabs and a bunch of small prelabeled envelopes, which fit inside one large envelope. The first swab was labeled to sample the vaginal vault, the second the anal area, and the third the oral cavity. The fourt swab was for "secretions." I didn't know what to do with it. . . . "Oh, that's for any suspeicious gunk you find anywhere else on the body," (a colleague) said. There was a fingernail clipper in the kit, and separate envelopes for the left and right fingernails—an assailant's DNA can be retrieved from under the victim's nails.

    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), p. 112 (emphasis added).

    March 8, 2016

  • I also had to perform my first New York State Sexual Offense Evidence Collection Kit, commonly (and inaccurately) called the rape kit. . . . The rape kit is a set of tools for collecting trace evidence, DNA, and evidence of sexual activity, whether consensual or not. Combined with a physical exam finding of bruising or laceration, the presence of sexual evidence might indicate the sex was not consensual—but my job was only to gather this evidence, and the police or DA would decide whether they needed it to press a charge.

    The rape kit consisted of a plastic bag with four cotton swabs and a bunch of small prelabeled envelopes, which fit inside one large envelope. The first swab was labeled to sample the vaginal vault, the second the anal area, and the third the oral cavity. The fourt swab was for "secretions." I didn't know what to do with it. . . . "Oh, that's for any suspeicious gunk you find anywhere else on the body," (a colleague) said. There was a fingernail clipper in the kit, and separate envelopes for the left and right fingernails—an assailant's DNA can be retrieved from under the victim's nails.

    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), p. 112 (emphasis added).

    March 8, 2016

  • Guns leave distinct types of wounds at different ranges. A contact wound, with the gun touching or pressed into the skin, can sear a round scorch mark called a muzzle stamp. If the gun is near the target but not touching it, hot particulate debris leaves stippling, a confetti pattern of abrasions around the bullet hole. If the gun is fired from closer than six inches (a close-range wound) then there will also be soot around the wound. Anything more than six but fewer than thirty inches, with stippling but not soot, is called an intermediate-range wound. If a wound has none of these features—no soot and no stippling—then it's a distant-range bullet wound. Whether the gun was fired from thirty inches or thirty yards away, it will leave a neat hole and nothing else.
    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), p. 117 (emphasis added).

    March 8, 2016

  • Guns leave distinct types of wounds at different ranges. A contact wound, with the gun touching or pressed into the skin, can sear a round scorch mark called a muzzle stamp. If the gun is near the target but not touching it, hot particulate debris leaves stippling, a confetti pattern of abrasions around the bullet hole. If the gun is fired from closer than six inches (a close-range wound) then there will also be soot around the wound. Anything more than six but fewer than thirty inches, with stippling but not soot, is called an intermediate-range wound. If a wound has none of these features—no soot and no stippling—then it's a distant-range bullet wound. Whether the gun was fired from thirty inches or thirty yards away, it will leave a neat hole and nothing else.
    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), p. 117 (emphasis added).

    March 8, 2016

  • Guns leave distinct types of wounds at different ranges. A contact wound, with the gun touching or pressed into the skin, can sear a round scorch mark called a muzzle stamp. If the gun is near the target but not touching it, hot particulate debris leaves stippling, a confetti pattern of abrasions around the bullet hole. If the gun is fired from closer than six inches (a close-range wound) then there will also be soot around the wound. Anything more than six but fewer than thirty inches, with stippling but not soot, is called an intermediate-range wound. If a wound has none of these features—no soot and no stippling—then it's a distant-range bullet wound. Whether the gun was fired from thirty inches or thirty yards away, it will leave a neat hole and nothing else.
    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), p. 117 (emphasis added).

    March 8, 2016

  • Guns leave distinct types of wounds at different ranges. A contact wound, with the gun touching or pressed into the skin, can sear a round scorch mark called a muzzle stamp. If the gun is near the target but not touching it, hot particulate debris leaves stippling, a confetti pattern of abrasions around the bullet hole. If the gun is fired from closer than six inches (a close-range wound) then there will also be soot around the wound. Anything more than six but fewer than thirty inches, with stippling but not soot, is called an intermediate-range wound. If a wound has none of these features—no soot and no stippling—then it's a distant-range bullet wound. Whether the gun was fired from thirty inches or thirty yards away, it will leave a neat hole and nothing else.
    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), p. 117 (emphasis added).

    March 8, 2016

  • Guns leave distinct types of wounds at different ranges. A contact wound, with the gun touching or pressed into the skin, can sear a round scorch mark called a muzzle stamp. If the gun is near the target but not touching it, hot particulate debris leaves stippling, a confetti pattern of abrasions around the bullet hole. If the gun is fired from closer than six inches (a close-range wound) then there will also be soot around the wound. Anything more than six but fewer than thirty inches, with stippling but not soot, is called an intermediate-range wound. If a wound has none of these features—no soot and no stippling—then it's a distant-range bullet wound. Whether the gun was fired from thirty inches or thirty yards away, it will leave a neat hole and nothing else.
    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), p. 117 (emphasis added).

    March 8, 2016

  • Guns leave distinct types of wounds at different ranges. A contact wound, with the gun touching or pressed into the skin, can sear a round scorch mark called a muzzle stamp. If the gun is near the target but not touching it, hot particulate debris leaves stippling, a confetti pattern of abrasions around the bullet hole. If the gun is fired from closer than six inches (a close-range wound) then there will also be soot around the wound. Anything more than six but fewer than thirty inches, with stippling but not soot, is called an intermediate-range wound. If a wound has none of these features—no soot and no stippling—then it's a distant-range bullet wound. Whether the gun was fired from thirty inches or thirty yards away, it will leave a neat hole and nothing else.
    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), p. 117 (emphasis added).

    March 8, 2016

  • Guns leave distinct types of wounds at different ranges. A contact wound, with the gun touching or pressed into the skin, can sear a round scorch mark called a muzzle stamp. If the gun is near the target but not touching it, hot particulate debris leaves stippling, a confetti pattern of abrasions around the bullet hole. If the gun is fired from closer than six inches (a close-range wound) then there will also be soot around the wound. Anything more than six but fewer than thirty inches, with stippling but not soot, is called an intermediate-range wound. If a wound has none of these features—no soot and no stippling—then it's a distant-range bullet wound. Whether the gun was fired from thirty inches or thirty yards away, it will leave a neat hole and nothing else.
    Judy Melinek, M.D. & T.J. Mitchell, Working Stiff: Two Years, 262 Bodies, and the Making of a Medical Examiner (New York: Scribner: 2014), p. 117.

    March 8, 2016

  • He served me rusted lettuce without demur the first time he asked me for dinner, and thinks that the sell-by date on packaging is just part of the design, whereas I used to toss the refrigerator leftovers after he had left for work every day.
    as we sat on a bench at the edge of the Seine and embraced with a long kiss we suddenly heard loud applause, only to discover that we had an enthusiastic audience on the decks of one of the Bateaux Mouches passing by.
    Charles Rowan Beye, My Husband and My Wives: A Gay Man's Odyssey (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 252.

    Is "rusted lettuce" lettuce wilted? rotten? discolored?

    March 6, 2016

  • as we sat on a bench at the edge of the Seine and embraced with a long kiss we suddenly heard loud applause, only to discover that we had an enthusiastic audience on the decks of one of the Bateaux Mouches passing by.
    Charles Rowan Beye, My Husband and My Wives: A Gay Man's Odyssey (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 250.

    Bateaux Mouches (French pronunciation: ​bato ˈmuʃ) are open excursion boats that provide visitors to Paris, France, with a view of the city from along the river Seine.1

    The term is a registered trademark of the Compagnie des Bateaux Mouches, the most widely known operator of the boats in Paris, founded by Jean Bruel (1917-2003);2 however, the phrase, because of the success of the company, is used generically to refer to all such boats operating on the river within the city. Bateaux Mouches translates literally as "fly boats" ("fly" meaning the insect); however, the name arose because they were originally manufactured in boatyards situated in the Mouche area of Lyon.

    Bateau Mouches, Wikipedia.

    March 6, 2016

  • as we sat on a bench at the edge of the Seine and embraced with a long kiss we suddenly heard loud applause, only to discover that we had an enthusiastic audience on the decks of one of the Bateaux Mouches passing by.
    Charles Rowan Beye, My Husband and My Wives: A Gay Man's Odyssey (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 250.

    Bateaux Mouches (French pronunciation: ​bato ˈmuʃ) are open excursion boats that provide visitors to Paris, France, with a view of the city from along the river Seine.1

    The term is a registered trademark of the Compagnie des Bateaux Mouches, the most widely known operator of the boats in Paris, founded by Jean Bruel (1917-2003);2 however, the phrase, because of the success of the company, is used generically to refer to all such boats operating on the river within the city. Bateaux Mouches translates literally as "fly boats" ("fly" meaning the insect); however, the name arose because they were originally manufactured in boatyards situated in the Mouche area of Lyon.

    Bateau Mouches, Wikipedia.

    March 6, 2016

  • Penny was often "en charette," as they say in the business (meaning "in the cart"—in nineteenth-century Paris, a cart carried student architectural drawings on their way to be judged, and the students would sometimes jump on to make last-minute alterations; hence, meaning working up to the deadline, pulling an all-nighter.)

    Charles Rowan Beye, My Husband and My Wives: A Gay Man's Odyssey (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 167

    March 6, 2016

  • Penny was often "en charette," as they say in the business (meaning "in the cart"—in nineteenth-century Paris, a cart carried student architectural drawings on their way to be judged, and the students would sometimes jump on to make last-minute alterations; hence, meaning working up to the deadline, pulling an all-nighter.)

    Charles Rowan Beye, My Husband and My Wives: A Gay Man's Odyssey (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 167

    March 6, 2016

  • Penny was often "en charette," as they say in the business (meaning "in the cart"—in nineteenth-century Paris, a cart carried student architectural drawings on their way to be judged, and the students would sometimes jump on to make last-minute alterations; hence, meaning working up to the deadline, pulling an all-nighter.)

    Charles Rowan Beye, My Husband and My Wives: A Gay Man's Odyssey (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 167

    March 6, 2016

  • Penny was often "en charette," as they say in the business (meaning "in the cart"—in nineteenth-century Paris, a cart carried student architectural drawings on their way to be judged, and the students would sometimes jump on to make last-minute alterations; hence, meaning working up to the deadline, pulling an all-nighter.)

    Charles Rowan Beye, My Husband and My Wives: A Gay Man's Odyssey (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 167

    March 6, 2016

  • Our year together in Rome, 1963-64, changed me forever; I fell in love with Rome hard. For those who do, they say when they are away from the city that they are "Romesick."

    Charles Rowan Beye, My Husband and My Wives: A Gay Man's Odyssey (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 154

    March 6, 2016

  • my return to Palo Alto was a shock. The French and Italians have a word for the psychological sate; it is called "the reentry" since it is their custom for the entire country to shut down, so to speak, while everyone takes an extended vacation."

    Charles Rowan Beye, My Husband and My Wives: A Gay Man's Odyssey (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 150

    March 6, 2016

  • Stanford in those days had recently been for the country club set, the jeunesse dorée of California. (I could never understand in Double Indemnity how Phyllis Dietrichson's gross husband was an alumnus.)
    Charles Rowan Beye, My Husband and My Wives: A Gay Man's Odyssey (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 139.
    <blockquote>At the time of the trip to Athens . . . only my two daughters and I were to go . . . . The younger went to school for her senior year at an American-style international institution in a posh suburb of Athens with the children of the diplomatic corps and the rest of the <i>jeunesse dorée d'Athènes</i>.</blockquote><i>Id.</i>, p. 207.

    March 6, 2016

  • It was odd, and so gay . . . that the prospective mother-in-law and son-in-law sat together by the hour . . . talking of which champagne, what kinds of hors d'oeuvres, flowers caterers, what car to use driving away from the church, on and on and on. It was a Martha Stewart moment avant la lettre.
    Charles Rowan Beye, My Husband and My Wives: A Gay Man's Odyssey (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 126

    March 6, 2016

  • Bottom of the heap, no PhD yet, I was barely one step above a teaching fellow, the title Harvard used for graduate student slaveys such as myself, who the preceding year haltingly and ineptly taught three two-hour undergraduate seminars for what I love to call bupkis.
    Charles Rowan Beye, My Husband and My Wives: A Gay Man's Odyssey (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 115

    March 6, 2016

  • My dissertation adviser "was always greedy for the glory of being Doktorvater."

    Charles Rowan Beye, My Husband and My Wives: A Gay Man's Odyssey (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 111

    March 6, 2016

  • Her best friend was an elegant African American woman who worked wrapping packages at a deluxe clothing store because she, as a black woman, could not find work as a physical therapist for which she had trained, nor even work on the floor of the dress shop as a vendeuse.
    Charles Rowan Beye, My Husband and My Wives: A Gay Man's Odyssey (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 104

    March 6, 2016

  • "I have just been talking with Father Putnam," she began in the coldest, most serious voice I think I had ever heard her use. "He has told me awful things—"

    Waves of reaction crashed into my brain with howling sounds. I was desperately attempting to gain a purchase as the ground shifted, swayed, opened under me. Aristotle defined that moment in tragedy when the character realizes everything as anagnorisis. The moment, for instance, when Oedipus realizes that he is not the successful king of Thebes so much as he is the murder of his father and the bed partner of his mother, the taboo created by a destiny that mocked his pathetic attempts to escape his fater. This was that moment for me.

    Charles Rowan Beye, My Husband and My Wives: A Gay Man's Odyssey (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), p. 49

    March 6, 2016

  • regional development leaders need to recognize that ideas, talent, capital, and a culture of openness and collaboration are all vital to regional startup communities, which are best thought of as innovation ecosystems involving complex interaction among entrepreneurs, investors, suppliers, universities, large existing businesses, and a host of supporting actors and organizations.
    Ian Hathaway, Accelerating growth: Startup accelerator programs in the United States, Brookings, Feb. 17, 2016.

    March 2, 2016

  • On the HGTV program "Fixer Upper," demo day is demolition day—the day when the contracting crew uses crowbars and sledgehammers to knock out walls, tear down siding, and so on.

    March 2, 2016

  • Startup accelerators support early-stage, growth-driven companies through education, mentorship, and financing. Startups enter accelerators for a fixed-period of time, and as part of a cohort of companies. The accelerator experience is a process of intense, rapid, and immersive education aimed at accelerating the life cycle of young innovative companies, compressing years’ worth of learning-by-doing into just a few months.

    Susan Cohen of the University of Richmond and Yael Hochberg of Rice University highlight the four distinct factors that make accelerators unique: they are fixed-term, cohort-based, and mentorship-driven, and they culminate in a graduation or “demo day.” None of the other previously mentioned early-stage institutions — incubators, angel investors, or seed-stage venture capitalists — have these collective elements. Accelerators may share with these others the goal of cultivating early-stage startups, but it is clear that they are different, with distinctly different business models and incentive structures.

    Ian Hathaway, What Startup Accelerators Really Do, Harvard Business Review, March 1, 2016.

    What do accelerators do? Broadly speaking, they help ventures define and build their initial products, identify promising customer segments, and secure resources, including capital and employees. More specifically, accelerator programs are limited-duration programs—lasting roughly three months—that help cohorts of ventures with the new venture process. They usually provide a small amount of seed capital, plus working space. They also offer a plethora of networking, educational and mentorship opportunities, with both peer ventures and mentors, who might be successful entrepreneurs, program graduates, venture capitalists, angel investors, or even corporate executives. Finally, most programs end with a grand event, usually a “demo day” where ventures pitch to a large audience of qualified investors (Cohen 2013).

    . . . We thus define the Seed Accelerator as follows:

    A fixed-term, cohort-based program, including mentorship and educational components, that culminates in a public pitch event or demo-day.
    Susan G. Cohen & Yael V. Hochberg, Accelerating Startups: The Seed Accelerator Phenomenon, March 2014.

    March 2, 2016

  • Startup accelerators support early-stage, growth-driven companies through education, mentorship, and financing. Startups enter accelerators for a fixed-period of time, and as part of a cohort of companies. The accelerator experience is a process of intense, rapid, and immersive education aimed at accelerating the life cycle of young innovative companies, compressing years’ worth of learning-by-doing into just a few months.

    Susan Cohen of the University of Richmond and Yael Hochberg of Rice University highlight the four distinct factors that make accelerators unique: they are fixed-term, cohort-based, and mentorship-driven, and they culminate in a graduation or “demo day.” None of the other previously mentioned early-stage institutions — incubators, angel investors, or seed-stage venture capitalists — have these collective elements. Accelerators may share with these others the goal of cultivating early-stage startups, but it is clear that they are different, with distinctly different business models and incentive structures.

    Ian Hathaway, What Startup Accelerators Really Do, Harvard Business Review, March 1, 2016.

    What do accelerators do? Broadly speaking, they help ventures define and build their initial products, identify promising customer segments, and secure resources, including capital and employees. More specifically, accelerator programs are limited-duration programs—lasting roughly three months—that help cohorts of ventures with the new venture process. They usually provide a small amount of seed capital, plus working space. They also offer a plethora of networking, educational and mentorship opportunities, with both peer ventures and mentors, who might be successful entrepreneurs, program graduates, venture capitalists, angel investors, or even corporate executives. Finally, most programs end with a grand event, usually a “demo day” where ventures pitch to a large audience of qualified investors (Cohen 2013).

    . . . We thus define the Seed Accelerator as follows:

    A fixed-term, cohort-based program, including mentorship and educational components, that culminates in a public pitch event or demo-day.
    Susan G. Cohen & Yael V. Hochberg, Accelerating Startups: The Seed Accelerator Phenomenon, March 2014.

    March 2, 2016

  • Startup accelerators support early-stage, growth-driven companies through education, mentorship, and financing. Startups enter accelerators for a fixed-period of time, and as part of a cohort of companies. The accelerator experience is a process of intense, rapid, and immersive education aimed at accelerating the life cycle of young innovative companies, compressing years’ worth of learning-by-doing into just a few months.

    Susan Cohen of the University of Richmond and Yael Hochberg of Rice University highlight the four distinct factors that make accelerators unique: they are fixed-term, cohort-based, and mentorship-driven, and they culminate in a graduation or “demo day.” None of the other previously mentioned early-stage institutions — incubators, angel investors, or seed-stage venture capitalists — have these collective elements. Accelerators may share with these others the goal of cultivating early-stage startups, but it is clear that they are different, with distinctly different business models and incentive structures.

    Ian Hathaway, What Startup Accelerators Really Do, Harvard Business Review, March 1, 2016.

    What do accelerators do? Broadly speaking, they help ventures define and build their initial products, identify promising customer segments, and secure resources, including capital and employees. More specifically, accelerator programs are limited-duration programs—lasting roughly three months—that help cohorts of ventures with the new venture process. They usually provide a small amount of seed capital, plus working space. They also offer a plethora of networking, educational and mentorship opportunities, with both peer ventures and mentors, who might be successful entrepreneurs, program graduates, venture capitalists, angel investors, or even corporate executives. Finally, most programs end with a grand event, usually a “demo day” where ventures pitch to a large audience of qualified investors (Cohen 2013).

    . . . We thus define the Seed Accelerator as follows:

    A fixed-term, cohort-based program, including mentorship and educational components, that culminates in a public pitch event or demo-day.
    Susan G. Cohen & Yael V. Hochberg, Accelerating Startups: The Seed Accelerator Phenomenon, March 2014.

    March 2, 2016

  • Startup accelerators support early-stage, growth-driven companies through education, mentorship, and financing. Startups enter accelerators for a fixed-period of time, and as part of a cohort of companies. The accelerator experience is a process of intense, rapid, and immersive education aimed at accelerating the life cycle of young innovative companies, compressing years’ worth of learning-by-doing into just a few months.

    Susan Cohen of the University of Richmond and Yael Hochberg of Rice University highlight the four distinct factors that make accelerators unique: they are fixed-term, cohort-based, and mentorship-driven, and they culminate in a graduation or “demo day.” None of the other previously mentioned early-stage institutions — incubators, angel investors, or seed-stage venture capitalists — have these collective elements. Accelerators may share with these others the goal of cultivating early-stage startups, but it is clear that they are different, with distinctly different business models and incentive structures.

    Ian Hathaway, What Startup Accelerators Really Do, Harvard Business Review, March 1, 2016.

    What do accelerators do? Broadly speaking, they help ventures define and build their initial products, identify promising customer segments, and secure resources, including capital and employees. More specifically, accelerator programs are limited-duration programs—lasting roughly three months—that help cohorts of ventures with the new venture process. They usually provide a small amount of seed capital, plus working space. They also offer a plethora of networking, educational and mentorship opportunities, with both peer ventures and mentors, who might be successful entrepreneurs, program graduates, venture capitalists, angel investors, or even corporate executives. Finally, most programs end with a grand event, usually a “demo day” where ventures pitch to a large audience of qualified investors (Cohen 2013).

    . . . We thus define the Seed Accelerator as follows:

    A fixed-term, cohort-based program, including mentorship and educational components, that culminates in a public pitch event or demo-day.
    Susan G. Cohen & Yael V. Hochberg, Accelerating Startups: The Seed Accelerator Phenomenon, March 2014.

    March 2, 2016

  • Startup accelerators support early-stage, growth-driven companies through education, mentorship, and financing. Startups enter accelerators for a fixed-period of time, and as part of a cohort of companies. The accelerator experience is a process of intense, rapid, and immersive education aimed at accelerating the life cycle of young innovative companies, compressing years’ worth of learning-by-doing into just a few months.

    Susan Cohen of the University of Richmond and Yael Hochberg of Rice University highlight the four distinct factors that make accelerators unique: they are fixed-term, cohort-based, and mentorship-driven, and they culminate in a graduation or “demo day.” None of the other previously mentioned early-stage institutions — incubators, angel investors, or seed-stage venture capitalists — have these collective elements. Accelerators may share with these others the goal of cultivating early-stage startups, but it is clear that they are different, with distinctly different business models and incentive structures.

    Ian Hathaway, What Startup Accelerators Really Do, Harvard Business Review, March 1, 2016.

    What do accelerators do? Broadly speaking, they help ventures define and build their initial products, identify promising customer segments, and secure resources, including capital and employees. More specifically, accelerator programs are limited-duration programs—lasting roughly three months—that help cohorts of ventures with the new venture process. They usually provide a small amount of seed capital, plus working space. They also offer a plethora of networking, educational and mentorship opportunities, with both peer ventures and mentors, who might be successful entrepreneurs, program graduates, venture capitalists, angel investors, or even corporate executives. Finally, most programs end with a grand event, usually a “demo day” where ventures pitch to a large audience of qualified investors (Cohen 2013).

    . . . We thus define the Seed Accelerator as follows:

    A fixed-term, cohort-based program, including mentorship and educational components, that culminates in a public pitch event or demo-day.
    Susan G. Cohen & Yael V. Hochberg, Accelerating Startups: The Seed Accelerator Phenomenon, March 2014.

    March 2, 2016

  • Startup accelerators support early-stage, growth-driven companies through education, mentorship, and financing. Startups enter accelerators for a fixed-period of time, and as part of a cohort of companies. The accelerator experience is a process of intense, rapid, and immersive education aimed at accelerating the life cycle of young innovative companies, compressing years’ worth of learning-by-doing into just a few months.

    Susan Cohen of the University of Richmond and Yael Hochberg of Rice University highlight the four distinct factors that make accelerators unique: they are fixed-term, cohort-based, and mentorship-driven, and they culminate in a graduation or “demo day.” None of the other previously mentioned early-stage institutions — incubators, angel investors, or seed-stage venture capitalists — have these collective elements. Accelerators may share with these others the goal of cultivating early-stage startups, but it is clear that they are different, with distinctly different business models and incentive structures.

    Ian Hathaway, What Startup Accelerators Really Do, Harvard Business Review, March 1, 2016.

    What do accelerators do? Broadly speaking, they help ventures define and build their initial products, identify promising customer segments, and secure resources, including capital and employees. More specifically, accelerator programs are limited-duration programs—lasting roughly three months—that help cohorts of ventures with the new venture process. They usually provide a small amount of seed capital, plus working space. They also offer a plethora of networking, educational and mentorship opportunities, with both peer ventures and mentors, who might be successful entrepreneurs, program graduates, venture capitalists, angel investors, or even corporate executives. Finally, most programs end with a grand event, usually a “demo day” where ventures pitch to a large audience of qualified investors (Cohen 2013).

    . . . We thus define the Seed Accelerator as follows:

    A fixed-term, cohort-based program, including mentorship and educational components, that culminates in a public pitch event or demo-day.
    Susan G. Cohen & Yael V. Hochberg, Accelerating Startups: The Seed Accelerator Phenomenon, March 2014.

    March 2, 2016

  • For me, the person having to read the email, one of the annoying things about “see attached letter” is that I have to do at least one extra mouse click and sometimes several mouse clicks just to get the attachment opened and scrolled upwards or downwards to the desired page. For the employee of my firm who has to save the email to the client folder on our server, the “see attached letter” means a dozen extra mouse clicks as the email itself has to be saved and the attachment has to be saved. (Sometimes we will use an EML storage format that saves the attachment without requiring extra mouse clicks.)
    Carl Oppedahl, Dontcha just hate "see attached letter"?, Ant-like Persistence, Sept. 13, 2014.

    EML is a file extension for an e-mail message saved to a file in the MIME RFC 822 standard format by Microsoft Outlook Express as well as some other email programs.

    EML files can contain plain ASCII text for the headers and the main message body as well as hyperlinks and attachments.

    EML files may be exported for the purposes of archiving and storage or scanning for malware. The Nimda virus is known to create EML files. When EML files are found as an included attachment it is good practice to scan with anti virus before opening.

    EML File FormatWhatIs.com, last updated July 2010.

    March 1, 2016

  • We all sort of vaguely know that because of copyright rights, one can’t just hook up any old audio source to the music-on-hold (“MOH”) port of one’s telephone system. In this posting I describe the usual ways that people make mistakes about MOH and the new approach that our patent law firm is trying. And I describe a way that the alert reader might win a prize.

    The usual misconception about MOH (and about background music in a bar or store or restaurant) is that if it’s okay to listen to the radio in one’s home or car, surely it is okay to use a radio station as a source for music on hold in a telephone system. The radio station, after all, has surely done whatever it needs to do to obtain whatever copyright licenses are needed for the music being broadcast. What’s more, the listener is “paying” for the music by listening to advertisements.

    The answer of course is no, it is not okay to use a radio station as the source for MOH. At least, not without further licensing as I will discuss below. And anyway, I have always wondered why people would be so foolish as to do so. If you are (say) a car dealership and you use MOH from a radio station, surely a competing car dealer would catch on and would blanket that radio station with ads for the competition.

    Carl Oppedahl, Music on hold and copyright rights, Ant-like Persistence, Jan. 1, 2016.

    March 1, 2016

  • We all sort of vaguely know that because of copyright rights, one can’t just hook up any old audio source to the music-on-hold (“MOH”) port of one’s telephone system. In this posting I describe the usual ways that people make mistakes about MOH and the new approach that our patent law firm is trying. And I describe a way that the alert reader might win a prize.

    The usual misconception about MOH (and about background music in a bar or store or restaurant) is that if it’s okay to listen to the radio in one’s home or car, surely it is okay to use a radio station as a source for music on hold in a telephone system. The radio station, after all, has surely done whatever it needs to do to obtain whatever copyright licenses are needed for the music being broadcast. What’s more, the listener is “paying” for the music by listening to advertisements.

    The answer of course is no, it is not okay to use a radio station as the source for MOH. At least, not without further licensing as I will discuss below. And anyway, I have always wondered why people would be so foolish as to do so. If you are (say) a car dealership and you use MOH from a radio station, surely a competing car dealer would catch on and would blanket that radio station with ads for the competition.

    Carl Oppedahl, Music on hold and copyright rights, Ant-like Persistence, Jan. 1, 2016.

    March 1, 2016

  • We all sort of vaguely know that because of copyright rights, one can’t just hook up any old audio source to the music-on-hold (“MOH”) port of one’s telephone system. In this posting I describe the usual ways that people make mistakes about MOH and the new approach that our patent law firm is trying. And I describe a way that the alert reader might win a prize.

    The usual misconception about MOH (and about background music in a bar or store or restaurant) is that if it’s okay to listen to the radio in one’s home or car, surely it is okay to use a radio station as a source for music on hold in a telephone system. The radio station, after all, has surely done whatever it needs to do to obtain whatever copyright licenses are needed for the music being broadcast. What’s more, the listener is “paying” for the music by listening to advertisements.

    The answer of course is no, it is not okay to use a radio station as the source for MOH. At least, not without further licensing as I will discuss below. And anyway, I have always wondered why people would be so foolish as to do so. If you are (say) a car dealership and you use MOH from a radio station, surely a competing car dealer would catch on and would blanket that radio station with ads for the competition.

    Carl Oppedahl, Music on hold and copyright rights, Ant-like Persistence, Jan. 1, 2016.

    March 1, 2016

  • It's truly an awesome experience to spend time really close to lions, powerful beautiful top predators. Lions have been celebrated throughout history for their courage and strength. Unfortunately lions like most other apex predators are under extreme pressure!
    Mattias Klum (National Geographic fellow, professional photographer), Instagram post

    March 1, 2016

  • My mother endured a "hand-off" error following surgery for a nonmalignant brain tumor. Because physicians failed to order anti-seizure medication, she convulsed and entered a coma for three weeks, from which she emerged a hemiplegic with limited speech.
    James B. Lieber, Killer Care: How Medical Error Became America's Third Largest Cause of Death, and What Can Be Done About It (New York: OR Books, 2015), Introduction.

    March 1, 2016

  • My mother endured a "hand-off" error following surgery for a nonmalignant brain tumor. Because physicians failed to order anti-seizure medication, she convulsed and entered a coma for three weeks, from which she emerged a hemiplegic with limited speech.
    James B. Lieber, Killer Care: How Medical Error Became America's Third Largest Cause of Death, and What Can Be Done About It (New York: OR Books, 2015), Introduction.

    My professional mentor . . .had a lung transplant at age 70. During the post-surgical hand-off, his attending physician ordered a necessary but highly toxic anti-rejection drug. A misplaced decimal point meant that my very sick colleague received ten times the intended dose. It killed him.
    Id.
    with shifts restricted to twenty-four hours there would be more hand-offs among doctors, sometimes with poor communications, and these situations were rife with the potential for error.
    Id., ch. 1.

    March 1, 2016

  • My mother endured a "hand-off" error following surgery for a nonmalignant brain tumor. Because physicians failed to order anti-seizure medication, she convulsed and entered a coma for three weeks, from which she emerged a hemiplegic with limited speech.
    James B. Lieber, Killer Care: How Medical Error Became America's Third Largest Cause of Death, and What Can Be Done About It (New York: OR Books, 2015), Introduction.

    My professional mentor . . .had a lung transplant at age 70. During the post-surgical hand-off, his attending physician ordered a necessary but highly toxic anti-rejection drug. A misplaced decimal point meant that my very sick colleague received ten times the intended dose. It killed him.
    Id.
    with shifts restricted to twenty-four hours there would be more hand-offs among doctors, sometimes with poor communications, and these situations were rife with the potential for error.
    Id., ch. 1.

    March 1, 2016

  • My father's later years were marred by a "hospital-acquired infection" (HAI) that he apparently contracted during a minor knee-draining procedure.

    James B. Lieber, Killer Care: How Medical Error Became America's Third Largest Cause of Death, and What Can Be Done About It (New York: OR Books, 2015), Introduction

    March 1, 2016

  • My father's later years were marred by a "hospital-acquired infection" (HAI) that he apparently contracted during a minor knee-draining procedure.

    James B. Lieber, Killer Care: How Medical Error Became America's Third Largest Cause of Death, and What Can Be Done About It (New York: OR Books, 2015), Introduction

    March 1, 2016

  • Had my toes been amputated, I would have joined the ranks of those who have received wrong site, wrong limb, wrong organ, and other unnecessary surgeries known as "never events," because the medical profession admits that they never should have happened. Error specialists, and there are many, might say that I had a "near miss," something health care is just beginning to study and learn from followin ghe example of the aviation industry.

    James B. Lieber, Killer Care: How Medical Error Became America's Third Largest Cause of Death, and What Can Be Done About It (New York: OR Books, 2015), Introduction

    March 1, 2016

  • Had my toes been amputated, I would have joined the ranks of those who have received wrong site, wrong limb, wrong organ, and other unnecessary surgeries known as "never events," because the medical profession admits that they never should have happened. Error specialists, and there are many, might say that I had a "near miss," something health care is just beginning to study and learn from following the example of the aviation industry.

    James B. Lieber, Killer Care: How Medical Error Became America's Third Largest Cause of Death, and What Can Be Done About It (New York: OR Books, 2015), Introduction

    March 1, 2016

  • Makary has warned of "Dr. HODAD," the nickname of a medical menace around Harvard hospitals during his student days. An acronym for "Hands of Death and Destruction," HODADs are eminent but dangerous surgeons with excellent bedside manner who attract legions of patients, including prominent people and celebrities. Nurses, residents, and house staff physicians know about them but are afraid to speak up. HODADs create complications, harm patients, lengthen hospital stays, and produce urgent consultations from their colleagues—all of which ironically have a positive effect on the hospital's revenues.

    James B. Lieber, Killer Care: How Medical Error Became America's Third Largest Cause of Death, and What Can Be Done About It (New York: OR Books, 2015), ch 3.

    March 1, 2016

  • Makary has warned of "Dr. HODAD," the nickname of a medical menace around Harvard hospitals during his student days. An acronym for "Hands of Death and Destruction," HODADs are eminent but dangerous surgeons with excellent bedside manner who attract legions of patients, including prominent people and celebrities. Nurses, residents, and house staff physicians know about them but are afraid to speak up. HODADs create complications, harm patients, lengthen hospital stays, and produce urgent consultations from their colleagues—all of which ironically have a positive effect on the hospital's revenues.

    James B. Lieber, Killer Care: How Medical Error Became America's Third Largest Cause of Death, and What Can Be Done About It (New York: OR Books, 2015), ch 3.

    March 1, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing too large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 29, 2016

  • A stripe pattern used on work clothes (coveralls, carpenter pants, etc.). It alternates lighter and darker shades of gray with diagonal herringbone patterns. See these images from clothing manufacturer L.C. King (Pointer Brand) or these from Dickies.

    February 17, 2016

  • Seems to refer to a particular kind of stripe, often on a heavyweight fabric like a denim or cotton duck. It can be different colors--typically white (or cream) with blue, red, green, or tan. It's used for overalls, old-fashioned train-conductors' hats, work shirts, etc.
    Here are some images:

    February 17, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. And attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . and the first insects were evolving. . . .

    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing to large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 16, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. And attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . and the first insects were evolving. . . .


    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing to large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 16, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. And attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . and the first insects were evolving. . . .


    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing to large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 16, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. And attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . and the first insects were evolving. . . .


    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing to large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 16, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. And attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . and the first insects were evolving. . . .


    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing to large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 16, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. And attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . and the first insects were evolving. . . .


    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing to large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 16, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. And attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . and the first insects were evolving. . . .


    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing to large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 16, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pox viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, psuedocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. And attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . and the first insects were evolving. . . .


    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing to large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 16, 2016

  • There are many poxviruses in nature, and they infect species that gather in swarms and herds, circulating among them like pickpockets at a fair. There are two principal kinds of pock viruses: the poxes of vertebrates and the poxes of insects. Pox hunters have so far discovered mousepox, monkeypox, skunkpox, pigpox, goatpox, camelpox, pseudocowpox, buffalopox, gerbilpox, several deerpoxes, chamoispox, a couple of sealpoxes, turkeypox, canarypox, pigeonpox, starlingpox, peacockpox, sparrowpox, juncopox, mynahpox, quailpox, parrotpox, and toadpox. There's mongolian horsepox, a pox called Yaba monkey tumor, and a pox called orf. There's dolphinpox, penguinpox, two kangaroopoxes, raccoonpox, and quokkapox. (The quokka is an Australian wallaby.) Snakes catch snakepox, spectacled caimans suffer from spectacled caimanpox, and crocodiles get crocpox. . . .

    Insects are tortured by poxviruses. There are three groups of insect poxviruses: the beetlepoxes, the butterflypoxes (which include the mothpoxes), and the poxes of flies, including the mosquitopoxes. Any attempt to get to the bottom of the insect poxes would be like trying to enumerate the nine billion names of God.

    . . .

    . . . The insect poxes may have arisen in early Devonian times, long before the age of dinosaurs . . . when . . . the first insects were evolving. . . .


    At least two known midgepoxes torment midges. Grasshoppers are known to suffer from at least six different grasshopperpoxes. If a plague of African locusts breaks out with locustpox, the plague is hit with a plague, and is in deep trouble. Poxviruses keep herds and swarms of living things in check, preventing them from growing to large and overwhelming their habitats.

    Richard Preston, The Demon in the Freezer: A True Story (New York: Random House, 2002), pp. 64-66

    February 16, 2016

  • Randall G Arnold ‏@texrat

    @wordnik @tjathurman I coined "contextrovert" a few years ago: introvert or extrovert, depending on prevailing social contexts

    February 15, 2016

  • Wings allow birds to avoid massive road mortality that culls the urban herd of mammals and herps.
    John M. Marzluff, Welcome to Subirdia: Sharing Our Neighborhoods with Wrens, Robins, Woodpeckers, and Other Wildlife (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2014), p. 170

    February 14, 2016

  • Most earthworms are not native to the United States; they came from Europe as settlers brought in plants and horticultural soils from their native homelands.

    Some of the most familiar invaders, such as "night crawlers" and "red wigglers," are clearly enhancing soil fertility and even helping stem climate change. . . . Carbon is also quickly stripped from the decaying plant matter by worms and stored in the soil. This may be the worm's greatest gift. Increasing the capacity of our soils to sequester carbon is a significant step that helps counter the carbon we release into the atmosphere.

    John M. Marzluff, Welcome to Subirdia: Sharing Our Neighborhoods with Wrens, Robins, Woodpeckers, and Other Wildlife (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2014), p. 167

    February 14, 2016

  • See subnivian.

    February 14, 2016

  • See subnivian

    February 14, 2016

  • In Yellowstone I have seen a dozen species . . . . Coyotes, ears cocked, pounce through the last bits of snow, trying to crash in on the voles that traveled unseen on subnivian runways.
    John M. Marzluff, Welcome to Subirdia: Sharing Our Neighborhoods with Wrens, Robins, Woodpeckers, and Other Wildlife (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2014), p. 150

    Is this just an alternate spelling of subnivean? Or is it now the preferred spelling?

    What is the subnivian space and how does it form?

    The subnivian space is a thin air layer found between the covering snow and the surface of the soil and its vegetative debris. This space forms especially well when the snow fall becomes established prior to the hard freezing of the soil and is particularly pronounced in complexly structured, "natural" soil-litter systems. Falling snow gathers on the surfaces of the irregular profile of the leaf litter and forms complex arches and domes over and above the dead plant materials. Heat from the unfrozen soil and also from the decomposition of the organic molecules in the leaf litter melts the contact snow layer which quickly re-freezes to form thin ice sheets which add to the structural strength and also to insulating potential of the forming snow pack. A winter with a continuous snow cover will allow a significant and continuous subnivian space to form.

    The Trail in Winter: Subnivia, The Virtual Nature Trail at Penn State Kensington

    Subnivian, subnivian,

    That’s what we’ve all been livin’ in….

    By we, I mean us little guys,

    We’re hidden from the winter skies.

    Down in between the snow and ground,

    We insects and we mice have found

    A habitat that’s kind of nice,

    Protected from the wind and ice.

    Deb Gerace, Subnivian Samba, Glacier National Park website

    if we were to travel down under the snow, we’d find a busy highway of activity, with animals moving about in the relatively cozy world of “subnivian spaces.” Subnivian means “under snow.” It happens that snow flakes have air pockets in them which hold heat and provide roughly the same insulation value as wood chips or brick. Even when the surface temperature is subzero, below the snow it’s almost always above freezing. Snow also reflects the sun’s heat, keeping it from melting too fast deeper down.

    So, many animals make use of the special protection snow offers them. Mice and voles dig mazes of tunnels through the snow to find the foods they eat.

    Life in the Subnivian Zone, Welcome Wildlife

    February 14, 2016

  • Also subnivian.

    February 14, 2016

  • Threat modeling is an approach for analyzing the security of an application. It is a structured approach that enables you to identify, quantify, and address the security risks associated with an application. Threat modeling is not an approach to reviewing code, but it does complement the security code review process.
    Application Threat Modeling, Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)

    February 10, 2016

  • Threat modeling is an approach for analyzing the security of an application. It is a structured approach that enables you to identify, quantify, and address the security risks associated with an application. Threat modeling is not an approach to reviewing code, but it does complement the security code review process.
    Application Threat Modeling, Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)

    February 10, 2016

  • See two-factor authentication

    February 10, 2016

  • Subirdia is the place many of us call home or work. Physically, it is a richly interwoven mixture of residential, commercial, and wilder land. Houses, allotments and gardens, derelict and vacant land, golf courses and other outdoor sports sites, cemeteries, schoolyards, highway and railway verges, municipal utility stations, business parks, and shopping centers occur among places dominated by natural vegetation such as greenways, river and stream corridors, parks and nature reserves, pipelines and powerlines, steep slopes, and quarries. In a variety of locales, natural vegetation constitutes one-third to two-thirds of subirdia. Functionally, subirdia is the confluence between city and country that promotes a mutual exchange of plants and animals. It is also a place where people from urban and rural cultures come together as neighbors, friends, and acquaintances. In so doing, we learn how varied is the human perception of nature.
    John M. Marzluff, Welcome to Subirdia: Sharing Our Neighborhoods with Wrens, Robins, Woodpeckers, and Other Wildlife (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2014), p. 48

    February 10, 2016

  • It staggers me to contemplate the implications of our new lifestyle. We now live predominantly in a niche that was unknown only six thousand years ago! Generations of city people no long have the interest to live in the country and may truly struggle to survive doing so. The social customs, diet, climate, modes of communication, and transportation in the city would be as foreign to our ancient ancestors as theirs would be to us. We have evolved into a new ecological role with cultural barriers to our rural legacy. Evolutionary biologists might consider us well along the process called "anagenesis"—the evolution of a new species from its ancestors that results from the gradual accumulation of isolating differences over time. Certainly we are already culturally distinct from our ancestors, but most biologists would not consider this adequate to proclaim that we are truly a species apart from ancestral Homo sapiens. They would require more lasting distinctions that make our DNA incompatible with that of our ancestors.
    John M. Marzluff, Welcome to Subirdia: Sharing Our Neighborhoods with Wrens, Robins, Woodpeckers, and Other Wildlife (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2014), p. 7

    February 10, 2016

  • mitochondrial DNA disease

    February 9, 2016

  • Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) are designed to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases from mother to child. These diseases vary in presentation and severity, but common symptoms include developmental delays, seizures, weakness and fatigue, muscle pain, vision loss, and heart problems, leading to morbidity and in some cases premature death. The goal of MRT is to prevent the transmission of these serious diseases by creating an embryo with nuclear DNA (nDNA) from the intended mother and mtDNA from a woman with nonpathogenic mtDNA through modification of either an oocyte (egg) or zygote (fertilized oocyte). While MRT, if effective, could satisfy the desire of women seeking to have a genetically related child without the risk of passing on mtDNA disease, the techniques raise significant ethical and social issues.

    Anne Claiborne et al., Mitochondrial Replacement Techniques: Ethical Social, and Policy Considerations (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2016), p. 17 (Summary)

    February 9, 2016

  • mitochondrial replacement technique

    February 9, 2016

  • Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) are designed to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases from mother to child. These diseases vary in presentation and severity, but common symptoms include developmental delays, seizures, weakness and fatigue, muscle pain, vision loss, and heart problems, leading to morbidity and in some cases premature death. The goal of MRT is to prevent the transmission of these serious diseases by creating an embryo with nuclear DNA (nDNA) from the intended mother and mtDNA from a woman with nonpathogenic mtDNA through modification of either an oocyte (egg) or zygote (fertilized oocyte). While MRT, if effective, could satisfy the desire of women seeking to have a genetically related child without the risk of passing on mtDNA disease, the techniques raise significant ethical and social issues.

    Anne Claiborne et al., Mitochondrial Replacement Techniques: Ethical Social, and Policy Considerations (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2016), p. 17 (Summary)

    February 9, 2016

  • Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) are designed to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases from mother to child. These diseases vary in presentation and severity, but common symptoms include developmental delays, seizures, weakness and fatigue, muscle pain, vision loss, and heart problems, leading to morbidity and in some cases premature death. The goal of MRT is to prevent the transmission of these serious diseases by creating an embryo with nuclear DNA (nDNA) from the intended mother and mtDNA from a woman with nonpathogenic mtDNA through modification of either an oocyte (egg) or zygote (fertilized oocyte). While MRT, if effective, could satisfy the desire of women seeking to have a genetically related child without the risk of passing on mtDNA disease, the techniques raise significant ethical and social issues.
    Anne Claiborne et al., Mitochondrial Replacement Techniques: Ethical Social, and Policy Considerations (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2016), p. 17 (Summary)

    February 9, 2016

  • Two-factor authentication (also known as 2FA or 2-Step Verification) is a technology patented in 19841 that provides identification of users by means of the combination of two different components. These components may be something that the user knows, something that the user possesses or something that is inseparable from the user. A good example from everyday life is the withdrawing of money from a cash machine. Only the correct combination of a bank card (something that the user possesses) and a PIN (personal identification number, something that the user knows) allows the transaction to be carried out. 2FA is ineffective against modern threats,2 like ATM skimming, phishing, and malware etc. Two-factor authentication is a type of multi-factor authentication.
    Wikipedia

    Two-factor authentication, or 2FA as it's commonly abbreviated, adds an extra step to your basic log-in procedure. Without 2FA, you enter in your username and password, and then you're done. The password is your single factor of authentication. The second factor makes your account more secure, in theory.
    CNet, http://www.cnet.com/news/two-factor-authentication-what-you-need-to-know-faq/

    February 9, 2016

  • The high-temperature combustion of coal generates a complex and highly variable stew of all sorts of compounds, largely but not exclusively hydrocarbons. Most of these combustion products are airborne gases, others are solids in ash, and the rest comprise the viscous liquid known as coal tar. This thick, dark-brown goo was carcinogenic—Yamagiwa had proved that—but Kennaway wanted to know why. Identifying the particular ingredients responsible would be a huge step toward understanding and preventing cancer.
    Dan Fagin, Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 163.

    February 7, 2016

  • The solid wsste produced at the newly opened factory was generally undiluted by water or any other benign material and was thus very hazardous, despite the affectionate terminology used to describe it. For example, "filter cake" was grainy material, soaked with solvents, captured by the filters used in various steps of the dye-making process. "Still Bottoms" were gummy layers of solids that formed at the bottom of kettles and other reaction vessels at high temperatures. "Clarification residues" (apparently named by someone with less imagination) were chunks of unreacted chemicals floating in the liquid dye.
    Dan Fagin, Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 32

    February 7, 2016

  • The solid wsste produced at the newly opened factory was generally undiluted by water or any other benign material and was thus very hazardous, despite the affectionate terminology used to describe it. For example, "filter cake" was grainy material, soaked with solvents, captured by the filters used in various steps of the dye-making process. "Still Bottoms" were gummy layers of solids that formed at the bottom of kettles and other reaction vessels at high temperatures. "Clarification residues" (apparently named by someone with less imagination) were chunks of unreacted chemicals floating in the liquid dye.
    Dan Fagin, Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 32

    February 7, 2016

  • The solid wsste produced at the newly opened factory was generally undiluted by water or any other benign material and was thus very hazardous, despite the affectionate terminology used to describe it. For example, "filter cake" was grainy material, soaked with solvents, captured by the filters used in various steps of the dye-making process. "Still Bottoms" were gummy layers of solids that formed at the bottom of kettles and other reaction vessels at high temperatures. "Clarification residues" (apparently named by someone with less imagination) were chunks of unreacted chemicals floating in the liquid dye.
    Dan Fagin, Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 32

    February 7, 2016

  • Ancient Jerusalem's dumpsite was beyond the walls of the Old City in the Valley of Hinnom. In the days of the Judaean kings, according to the Bible, cults would go to the valley to sacrifice children to the pagan god Moloch. By Jesus' time, Hinnom was a foul dump full of rotting garbage, animal carcasses, and smoky, acrid fires. It was, in a word, hellish, which is why the valley's other name, Gehenna, came to stand for the name where sinners were tortured in the fires of eternal damnation.
    Dan Fagin, Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 85

    February 7, 2016

  • Variants survive today in slum-ridden megacities like Cairo, Mumbai, and Buenos Aires, but the epitome was early nineteenth-century London, where a scavenger army of tens of thousands of impoverished men, women, and children, each with a defined specialty, scavenged the dregs of the metropolis. There were toshers in the sewers and mudlarks on the riverbanks, rag-pickers atop rubbish heaps and bone-pickers behind kitchens. "Pure-finders" scooped up dog manure for tanneries, dustmen collected ash and night-soil men emptied cesspools. . . . Teeming cities like London and Paris could not have functioned without the ad hoc scavenging system, but the cost was very high. The scavengers worked in filth, and as the investigations of William Farr and John Snow demonstrated, filthy conditions were crucial in the spread of communicable disease.
    Dan Fagin, Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 85

    February 7, 2016

  • Variants survive today in slum-ridden megacities like Cairo, Mumbai, and Buenos Aires, but the epitome was early nineteenth-century London, where a scavenger army of tens of thousands of impoverished men, women, and children, each with a defined specialty, scavenged the dregs of the metropolis. There were toshers in the sewers and mudlarks on the riverbanks, rag-pickers atop rubbish heaps and bone-pickers behind kitchens. "Pure-finders" scooped up dog manure for tanneries, dustmen collected ash and night-soil men emptied cesspools. . . . Teeming cities like London and Paris could not have functioned without the ad hoc scavenging system, but the cost was very high. The scavengers worked in filth, and as the investigations of William Farr and John Snow demonstrated, filthy conditions were crucial in the spread of communicable disease.
    Dan Fagin, Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 85

    February 7, 2016

  • Variants survive today in slum-ridden megacities like Cairo, Mumbai, and Buenos Aires, but the epitome was early nineteenth-century London, where a scavenger army of tens of thousands of impoverished men, women, and children, each with a defined specialty, scavenged the dregs of the metropolis. There were toshers in the sewers and mudlarks on the riverbanks, rag-pickers atop rubbish heaps and bone-pickers behind kitchens. "Pure-finders" scooped up dog manure for tanneries, dustmen collected ash and night-soil men emptied cesspools. . . . Teeming cities like London and Paris could not have functioned without the ad hoc scavenging system, but the cost was very high. The scavengers worked in filth, and as the investigations of William Farr and John Snow demonstrated, filthy conditions were crucial in the spread of communicable disease.
    Dan Fagin, Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 85

    February 7, 2016

  • Variants survive today in slum-ridden megacities like Cairo, Mumbai, and Buenos Aires, but the epitome was early nineteenth-century London, where a scavenger army of tens of thousands of impoverished men, women, and children, each with a defined specialty, scavenged the dregs of the metropolis. There were toshers in the sewers and mudlarks on the riverbanks, rag-pickers atop rubbish heaps and bone-pickers behind kitchens. "Pure-finders" scooped up dog manure for tanneries, dustmen collected ash and night-soil men emptied cesspools. . . . Teeming cities like London and Paris could not have functioned without the ad hoc scavenging system, but the cost was very high. The scavengers worked in filth, and as the investigations of William Farr and John Snow demonstrated, filthy conditions were crucial in the spread of communicable disease.
    Dan Fagin, Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 85

    February 7, 2016

  • Variants survive today in slum-ridden megacities like Cairo, Mumbai, and Buenos Aires, but the epitome was early nineteenth-century London, where a scavenger army of tens of thousands of impoverished men, women, and children, each with a defined specialty, scavenged the dregs of the metropolis. There were toshers in the sewers and mudlarks on the riverbanks, rag-pickers atop rubbish heaps and bone-pickers behind kitchens. "Pure-finders" scooped up dog manure for tanneries, dustmen collected ash and night-soil men emptied cesspools. . . . Teeming cities like London and Paris could not have functioned without the ad hoc scavenging system, but the cost was very high. The scavengers worked in filth, and as the investigations of William Farr and John Snow demonstrated, filthy conditions were crucial in the spread of communicable disease.
    Dan Fagin, Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 85

    February 7, 2016

  • He knew it took more than a decade of exposure to dye chemicals for humans to develop bladder cancer, so he thought that animal tests should last for several years at least—especially since both Yamagiwa and Kennaway had exposed animals to carcinogens for more than a year before seeing tumors. In his new lab, Hueper set up a much more thorough experiment in which sixteen female dogs, large enough to have their bladders checked with a cystoscope, would be given BNA with their daily chow. The dogs would be monitored at least two years, twice as long as previous experiments.
    Dan Fagin, Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 182
    twenty months into his dog experiment, cystoscope examinations showed that many of them were developing tumors in their bladders.
    Id., p. 183

    Wendel then did what he always did in such cases: He performed a cystoscopy, an uncomfortable procedure in which a thin tube equipped with lenses is inserted into the urethra.
    Id., p. 208.

    February 7, 2016

  • He knew it took more than a decade of exposure to dye chemicals for humans to develop bladder cancer, so he thought that animal tests should last for several years at least—especially since both Yamagiwa and Kennaway had exposed animals to carcinogens for more than a year before seeing tumors. In his new lab, Hueper set up a much more thorough experiment in which sixteen female dogs, large enough to have their bladders checked with a cystoscope, would be given BNA with their daily chow. The dogs would be monitored at least two years, twice as long as previous experiments.
    Dan Fagin, Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 182
    twenty months into his dog experiment, cystoscope examinations showed that many of them were developing tumors in their bladders.
    Id., p. 183

    Wendel then did what he always did in such cases: He performed a cystoscopy, an uncomfortable procedure in which a thin tube equipped with lenses is inserted into the urethra.
    Id., p. 208.

    February 7, 2016

  • These were mysid shrimp, which were often used in tests to see whether polluted water was harming marine life. For years, Ciba-Geigy had refused to conduct those mysid tests, preferring instead to test its effluent on a much hardier animal, the sheepshead minnow. (The company's critics would later call the minnow the "cockroach of the sea" for its ability to survive even in highly toxic environments.
    Dan Fagin, Tomes River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 154.

    February 7, 2016

  • mysid

    These were mysid shrimp, which were often used in tests to see whether polluted water was harming marine life. For years, Ciba-Geigy had refused to conduct those mysid tests, preferring instead to test its effluent on a much hardier animal, the sheepshead minnow. (The company's critics would later call the minnow the "cockroach of the sea" for its ability to survive even in highly toxic environments.
    Dan Fagin, Tomes River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 154.

    February 7, 2016

  • These were mysid shrimp, which were often used in tests to see whether polluted water was harming marine life. For years, Ciba-Geigy had refused to conduct those mysid tests, preferring instead to test its effluent on a much hardier animal, the sheepshead minnow. (The company's critics would later call the minnow the "cockroach of the sea" for its ability to survive even in highly toxic environments.
    Dan Fagin, Tomes River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 154.

    February 7, 2016

  • These were mysid shrimp, which were often used in tests to see whether polluted water was harming marine life. For years, Ciba-Geigy had refused to conduct those mysid tests, preferring instead to test its effluent on a much hardier animal, the sheepshead minnow. (The company's critics would later call the minnow the "cockroach of the sea" for its ability to survive even in highly toxic environments.
    Dan Fagin, Tomes River: A Story of Science and Salvation (New York: Bantam Books, 2014), p. 154.

    February 7, 2016

  • One question people often ask is if there is a difference between a sociopath and a psychopath. Barring the fact that many psychologists deny the existence of either, in a clinical setting the difference is purely semantic. Robert Hare has pointed out that sociologists are more likely to focus on the environmental or socially modifiable facets of the disorder, so prefer the term sociopathy, whereas psychologists and psychiatrists prefer to include the genetic, cognitive, and emotional factors as well as the social factors when making a diagnosis, and therefore would opt for psychopathy. Since I am a brain scientist and am interested in the genetic and neurological causes of this personality disorder, I will use the term psychopath for the purposes of this book.
    James Fallon, The Psychopath Inside: A Neuroscientist's Personal Journey into the Dark Side of the Brain (New York: Current, 2013), p. 17

    February 1, 2016

  • One question people often ask is if there is a difference between a sociopath and a psychopath. Barring the fact that many psychologists deny the existence of either, in a clinical setting the difference is purely semantic. Robert Hare has pointed out that sociologists are more likely to focus on the environmental or socially modifiable facets of the disorder, so prefer the term sociopathy, whereas psychologists and psychiatrists prefer to include the genetic, cognitive, and emotional factors as well as the social factors when making a diagnosis, and therefore would opt for psychopathy. Since I am a brain scientist and am interested in the genetic and neurological causes of this personality disorder, I will use the term psychopath for the purposes of this book.
    James Fallon, The Psychopath Inside: A Neuroscientist's Personal Journey into the Dark Side of the Brain (New York: Current, 2013), p. 17

    February 1, 2016

  • Sometimes normal musical imagery crosses a line and becomes, so to speak, pathological, as when a certain fragment of music repeats itself incessantly, sometimes maddeningly, for days on end. These repetitions—often a short, well-defined phrase or theme of three of four bars—are apt to go on for hours or days, circling in the mind, before fading away. . . .

    Many people are set off by the theme music of a film or television show or an advertisement. This is not coincidental, for such music is designed, in the terms of the music industry, to "hook" the listener, to be "atchy" or "sticky," to bore its way, like an earwig, into the ear or mind; hence the term "earworms"—though one might be inclined to call them "brainworms" instead.

    Oliver Sacks, Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (New York: Vintage Books, 2007), p. 41
    Though the term "earworm" was first used in the 1980s (as a literal translation of the German Ohrwurm), the concept is far from new.
    Id., p. 42.
    Jeremy Scratcherd, a scholarly musician who has studied the folk genres of Northumberland and Scotland, informs me that
    Examination of early folk music manuscripts reveals many examples of various tunes to which have been attributed the title "The piper's maggot." These were perceived to be tunes which got into the musician's head to irritate and gnaw at the sufferer—like a maggot in a decaying apple. . . . The "maggot" most probably appeared in the early 18th century. Interesting that despite the disparity of time the metaphor has remained much the same!
    Id., endnote 13.

    January 30, 2016

  • Sometimes normal musical imagery crosses a line and becomes, so to speak, pathological, as when a certain fragment of music repeats itself incessantly, sometimes maddeningly, for days on end. These repetitions—often a short, well-defined phrase or theme of three of four bars—are apt to go on for hours or days, circling in the mind, before fading away. . . .

    Many people are set off by the theme music of a film or television show or an advertisement. This is not coincidental, for such music is designed, in the terms of the music industry, to "hook" the listener, to be "atchy" or "sticky," to bore its way, like an earwig, into the ear or mind; hence the term "earworms"—though one might be inclined to call them "brainworms" instead.

    Oliver Sacks, Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (New York: Vintage Books, 2007), p. 41
    Though the term "earworm" was first used in the 1980s (as a literal translation of the German Ohrwurm), the concept is far from new.
    Id., p. 42.
    Jeremy Scratcherd, a scholarly musician who has studied the folk genres of Northumberland and Scotland, informs me that
    Examination of early folk music manuscripts reveals many examples of various tunes to which have been attributed the title "The piper's maggot." These were perceived to be tunes which got into the musician's head to irritate and gnaw at the sufferer—like a maggot in a decaying apple. . . . The "maggot" most probably appeared in the early 18th century. Interesting that despite the disparity of time the metaphor has remained much the same!
    Id., endnote 13.

    January 30, 2016

  • Sometimes normal musical imagery crosses a line and becomes, so to speak, pathological, as when a certain fragment of music repeats itself incessantly, sometimes maddeningly, for days on end. These repetitions—often a short, well-defined phrase or theme of three of four bars—are apt to go on for hours or days, circling in the mind, before fading away. . . .

    Many people are set off by the theme music of a film or television show or an advertisement. This is not coincidental, for such music is designed, in the terms of the music industry, to "hook" the listener, to be "atchy" or "sticky," to bore its way, like an earwig, into the ear or mind; hence the term "earworms"—though one might be inclined to call them "brainworms" instead.

    Oliver Sacks, Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (New York: Vintage Books, 2007), p. 41
    Though the term "earworm" was first used in the 1980s (as a literal translation of the German Ohrwurm), the concept is far from new.
    Id., p. 42.
    Jeremy Scratcherd, a scholarly musician who has studied the folk genres of Northumberland and Scotland, informs me that
    Examination of early folk music manuscripts reveals many examples of various tunes to which have been attributed the title "The piper's maggot." These were perceived to be tunes which got into the musician's head to irritate and gnaw at the sufferer—like a maggot in a decaying apple. . . . The "maggot" most probably appeared in the early 18th century. Interesting that despite the disparity of time the metaphor has remained much the same!
    Id., endnote 13.

    January 30, 2016

  • Though best known as a thickener, guar means something else entirely to firefighters, pipeline operators, or the designers of ship hulls and torpedoes. In minute quantities, it has the ability to create "slippery water," a phenomenon that greatly reduces drag. One physicist described molecules of guar gum (and similar plymers) as double yo-yos, coiling and uncoiling in such a way that they prevent turbulent liquids from adhering to adjacent surfaces. The physics are still poorly understood, but in practice this effect speeds the movement of fluids through hoses and pipes. The US Navy has also studied it as a way to increase hull efficiency and reduce the noise of its ships, submarines, and torpedoes.
    Thor Hanson, The Triumph of Seeds: How Grains, Nuts, Kernels, Pulses, & Pips Conquered the Plant Kingdom and Shaped Human History (New York: Basic Books, 2015), endnote accompanying ch. 3, p. 50.

    January 30, 2016

  • Though best known as a thickener, guar means something else entirely to firefighters, pipeline operators, or the designers of ship hulls and torpedoes. In minute quantities, it has teh ability to create "slippery water," a phenomenon that greatly reduces drag. One physicist described molecules of guar gum (and similar plymers) as double yo-yos, coiling and uncoiling in such a way that they prevent turbulent liquids from adhering to adjacent surfaces. The physics are still poorly understood, but in practice this effect speeds the movement of fluids through hoses and pipes. The US Navy has also studied it as a way to increase hull efficiency and reduce the noise of its ships, submarines, and torpedoes.
    Thor Hanson, The Triumph of Seeds: How Grains, Nuts, Kernels, Pulses, & Pips Conquered the Plant Kingdom and Shaped Human History (New York: Basic Books, 2015), endnote accompanying ch. 3, p. 50.

    January 30, 2016

  • Botanists call seeds that don't survive dessication recalcitrant. Though rare in temperate and seasonal climates, this strategy is found in an estimated 70 percent of tropical rainforest trees, wehre quick germination offers more of an advantage than long-term dormancy. What works in a jungle, however, makes things difficult in a storage facility. Christina Walters at the US National Seed Bank calls recalcitrant seeds "spoiled little children," but has found some success flash-freezing isolated embryos in liquid nitrogen.

    Thor Hanson, The Triumph of Seeds: How Grains, Nuts, Kernels, Pulses, & Pips Conquered the Plant Kingdom and Shaped Human History (New York: Basic Books, 2015), endnote accompanying ch. 1, p. 11.

    January 30, 2016

  • The avocado tree (Persea americana) is known only as a cultivated species. Sometime in the thousands of years since domestication, its wild ancestor disappeared from the forests of Central America. One theory suggests that many large-fruited neo-tropical trees faded away following the loss of their seed dispersers: giant armadillos, glyptodonts, mammoths, gomphotheres, and other extinct megafauna (Janzen and Martin 1982). With its massive seed, the wild avocado would certainly have required the services of a large-bodied animal to move it around.

    Thor Hanson, The Triumph of Seeds: How Grains, Nuts, Kernels, Pulses, & Pips Conquered the Plant Kingdom and Shaped Human History (New York: Basic Books, 2015), endnote accompanying ch. 1, p. 10.

    January 30, 2016

  • The avocado tree (Persea americana) is known only as a cultivated species. Sometime in the thousands of years since domestication, its wild ancestor disappeared from the forests of Central America. One theory suggests that many large-fruited neo-tropical trees faded away following the loss of their seed dispersers: giant armadillos, glyptodonts, mammoths, gomphotheres, and other extinct megafauna (Janzen and Martin 1982). With its massive seed, the wild avocado would certainly have required the services of a large-bodied animal to move it around.

    Thor Hanson, The Triumph of Seeds: How Grains, Nuts, Kernels, Pulses, & Pips Conquered the Plant Kingdom and Shaped Human History (New York: Basic Books, 2015), endnote accompanying ch. 1, p. 10.

    January 30, 2016

  • The avocado tree (Persea americana) is known only as a cultivated species. Sometime in the thousands of years since domestication, its wild ancestor disappeared from the forests of Central America. One theory suggests that many large-fruited neo-tropical trees faded away following the loss of their seed dispersers: giant armadillos, glyptodonts, mammoths, gomphotheres, and other extinct megafauna (Janzen and Martin 1982). With its massive seed, the wild avocado would certainly have required the services of a large-bodied animal to move it around.
    Thor Hanson, The Triumph of Seeds: How Grains, Nuts, Kernels, Pulses, & Pips Conquered the Plant Kingdom and Shaped Human History (New York: Basic Books, 2015), endnote accompanying ch. 1, p. 10.
    Many botanists include manzanillo on the list of plants possibly dispersed by gomphotheres or some other long-extinct megafauna.
    Id., endnote accompanying ch. 12, p. 185.

    January 30, 2016

  • "contra crayon" must be some art technique, but I haven't been able to find it defined in general or in art dictionaries and I've found just a couple of instances in various online searches.

    "We were at your home, and you were sitting under that huge painting done in contra crayon of a mountain of gnarled naked bodies. That was where you always liked to sit. You seemed comfortable with that painting. I hated it and tightened up when I saw it and kept wanting to go into another room."
    Irv Yalom, in Irvin D. Yalom & Robert L. Brent, <i>I'm Calling the Police</i> (New York: Basic Books, 2011)

    January 30, 2016

  • "The Nyilas were the Hungarian Nazis. They were barbarians, a militia of armed thugs who roamed the streets rounding up Jews and either killing them on the spot or taking them to their party houses for torture and slaughter. They were more vicious to Jews than the Germans or the Hungarian police. Nyilas comes from the Hungarian word for arrow. Their emblem was two crossed arrows similar to the German swastika."

    Robert L. Brent, in Irvin D. Yalom & Robert L. Brent, I'm Calling the Police (New York: Basic Books, 2011)

    January 30, 2016

  • Our high school health textbook (circa 1974) had a diagram of this to impress upon us the danger of picking zits.

    January 30, 2016

  • The Jews who went underground in Germany in the 1940s to escape the Nazis called themselves "U-boats," a self-mocking reference to the country's efficient and effective fleet of submarines. But the comparison was as apt as it was sardonic, because to remain underground required much the same degree of wile, stealth and courage as that employed by the crews of the submarines. Some of the Jews who had gone underground were able to remain sequestered until the end of the war. But the majority, like the submarines, had constantly to surface and prowl about. . . . Only infrequently were the majority of Jewish "U-boats" able to remain in their safe harbors for months.
    Leonard Gross The Last Jews in Berlin (1992), p. 113

    ". . . a hint that you were a U-boat yourself."

    Joseph Kanon, The Good German ( ), p. 107

    "We thought it was safe. She had papers. Safe."

    Jake looked at him, surprised. A U-boat trail, Gunther helping.

    Id., p. 266.
    Gunther had moved his wife fourteen times. But he had had papers and friends prepared to help. No U-boat could survive alone. Where, after all, would she have gone?
    Id., p. 270
    "Marthe must have thought she was in hiding too. Another U-boat. . . ."

    . . .

    "It was dangerous to be recognized. They tortured the U-boats sometimes, to find the others, to get names."

    Id., p. 280.

    January 28, 2016

  • In Nazi Germany:<blockquote>An even more sinister enemy for the Jewish fugitives than the loyal Germans were the turncoats in the midst, fellow Jews embarked on a tragic enterprise. "Catchers" they were called—men and women either without conviction even in normal times or normally moral persons frightened out of their wits by the threat of deportation. They worked directly for the Gestapo, operating out of a so-called "Jewish Bureau of Investigation" located on the Iranische Strasse. Their pay was their freedom; as long as they could find and present "illegal" Jews to the Gestapo for deportation, they could avoid deportation themselves.

    The catchers would walk through the city each day without their stars, on the lookout for underground Jews. If their prey was an old acquaintanjce, they would feign joy at seeing him or her and confide that they too were "illegals." If the prey was simply someone they suspected of being Jewish, they would confide their "secret" in the hope of eliciting a similar confession. Once they had their information, they would make a discreet telephone call, and the Gestapo would soon show up.</blockquote>Leonard Gross, The Last Jews in Berlin (1992)

    Some friends you've got." Bernie took out a cigarette. "She was a greifer. You know greifer?"

    "Grabber. Catcher. Of what?"

    "Jews."

    "That's impossible. She was—"

    "A Jew. I know. A Jew to catch Jews. They thought of everything. Even that."

    . . .
    "How it worked? Some covered the railway stations. Renate liked the cafés. . . . Sometimes a Jew you actually knew, from the old days. Sometimes someone you just suspected, so some talk, a little fishing, a hint you were a U-boat yourself. Then snap. A vist to the ladies' room for the telephone. They usually took them on the street, so it wouldn't cause a disturbance in the café.
    Joseph Kanon, The Good German (2001).

    January 28, 2016

  • As used in this subpart—
    15 ppm separator means a separator that is designed to remove enough oil from an oil-water mixture to provide a resulting mixture that has an oil concentration of 15 ppm or less.
    Department of the Coast Guard, 46 Code of Federal Regulations § 162.050-3 (2015)

    January 24, 2016

  • As used in this subpart—
    . . .
    <I>Bilge alarm</I> means an instrument that is designed to measure the oil content of oily mixtures from machinery space bilges and fuel oil tanks that carry ballast and activate an alarm at a set concentration limit and record date, time, alarm status, and operating status of the 15 ppm separator.
    Department of the Coast Guard, 46 Code of Federal Regulations § 162.050-3 (2015)

    January 24, 2016

  • In paragraph (1):
    ``(A) The term `cannabimimetic agents' means any substance
    that is a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1 receptor) agonist as
    demonstrated by binding studies and functional assays within any
    of the following structural classes:
    ``(i) 2-(3-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenol with
    substitution at the 5-position of the phenolic ring by
    alkyl or alkenyl, whether or not substituted on the
    cyclohexyl ring to any extent.
    ``(ii) 3-(1-naphthoyl)indole or 3-(1-
    naphthylmethane)indole by substitution at the nitrogen
    atom of the indole ring, whether or not further
    substituted on the indole ring to any extent, whether or
    not substituted on the naphthoyl or naphthyl ring to any
    extent.
    ``(iii) 3-(1-naphthoyl)pyrrole by substitution at
    the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring, whether or not
    further substituted in the pyrrole ring to any extent,
    whether or not substituted on the naphthoyl ring to any
    extent.
    ``(iv) 1-(1-naphthylmethylene)indene by substitution
    of the 3-position of the indene ring, whether or not
    further substituted in the indene ring to any extent,
    whether or not substituted on the naphthyl ring to any
    extent.
    ``(v) 3-phenylacetylindole or 3-benzoylindole by
    substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring,
    whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to
    any extent, whether or not substituted on the phenyl
    ring to any extent.
    ``(B) Such term includes--
    ``(i) 5-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-2-(1R,3S)-3-
    hydroxycyclohexyl
    -phenol (CP-47,497);
    ``(ii) 5-(1,1-dimethyloctyl)-2-(1R,3S)-3-
    hydroxycyclohexyl
    -phenol (cannabicyclohexanol or CP-
    47,497 C8-homolog);
    ``(iii) 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-018 and
    AM678);
    ``(iv) 1-butyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-073);
    ``(v) 1-hexyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-019);
    ``(vi) 1-2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl-3-(1-
    naphthoyl)indole (JWH-200);
    ``(vii) 1-pentyl-3-(2-methoxyphenylacetyl)indole
    (JWH-250);
    ``(viii) 1-pentyl-3-1-(4-methoxynaphthoyl)indole
    (JWH-081);
    ``(ix) 1-pentyl-3-(4-methyl-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-
    122);
    ``(x) 1-pentyl-3-(4-chloro-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-
    398);
    ``(xi) 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole
    (AM2201);
    ``(xii) 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(2-iodobenzoyl)indole
    (AM694);
    ``(xiii) 1-pentyl-3-(4-methoxy)-benzoylindole (SR-
    19 and RCS-4);
    ``(xiv) 1-cyclohexylethyl-3-(2-
    methoxyphenylacetyl)indole (SR-18 and RCS-8); and
    ``(xv) 1-pentyl-3-(2-chlorophenylacetyl)indole (JWH-
    203).''.

    Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 2012, § 1152, Public Law 112-144, 126 Stat. 993, 1130-31 (amending § 202(c) of the Controlled Substances Act, 21 U.S.C. §812(c)).


    I came across this yesterday and was struck by the sesquipedalian (and orthographically challenging) term, as well as by the very technical definition. In layperson's terms, I think a cannabimimetic agent is a chemical that acts like the active chemical in marijuana but is created in a lab rather than in a marijuana plant. There's a good reason for the statute to be technical (no one should be prosecuted based on my sloppy layperson's understanding of chemistry), but this definition is impressive nonetheless.

    January 24, 2016

  • <blockquote>

    January 24, 2016

  • See cannabimimetic agent.

    January 24, 2016

  • The city council's license committee exerted additional executive power. It decided whether a cabaret, card room, or pinball operator kept a license or did not. It thus held a whip hand over much of Seattle's illegal gambling, and there were several instances of it suspending the licenses of disfavored license holders, such as the suspension of the Colacurcio licenses in the late 1950s.

    Christopher T. Bayley, Seattle Justice: The Rise and Fall of the Police Payoff System in Seattle (Seattle: Sasquatch Books, 2015), ch.

    January 17, 2016

  • See pulltab.

    January 17, 2016

  • In the 1950s, an enterprising fellow created his own version of the city's official stamp used to certify pulltabs and started stamping the pulltabs of taverns and bars for a fee. He kept it up until eventually somebody noticed license revenues had taken a sudden dip.
    Christopher T. Bayley, Seattle Justice: The Rise and Fall of the Police Payoff System in Seattle (Seattle: Sasquatch Books, 2015), ch. 2

    WAC 230-14-010
    Defining "pull-tab."
    A "pull-tab" means:
    (1) A single folded tab that conceals number(s) or symbol(s) from view; or
    (2) A banded tab that conceals number(s) or symbol(s) from view; or
    (3) A card with the face covered by perforated window(s) or otherwise hidden to conceal number(s) or symbol(s) from view.
    (4) Some of the number(s) in each series of pull-tabs have been selected in advance and at random as prize winners.
    (5) After buying a pull-tab, a player opens the pull-tab and, if the numbers or symbols on the pull-tab match the flare, the player wins the prize.
    Statutory Authority: RCW 9.46.070. WSR 07-17-058 (Order 614), § 230-14-010, filed 8/10/07, effective 1/1/08.
    Washington Administrative Code (2016)

    See pull-tab.

    January 17, 2016

  • Gambling interests also provided councilmembers with perks. Charls M. "Streetcar Charlie" Carroll spoke openly to the press about the benefits of being on the city council, including receiving "free-ers," such as dinners or junkets. A high-ranking police officer named Anton "Tony" Gustin later claimed in an interview that the police were once forced to pressure a business into providing one needy city councilmember with matching luggage.
    Christopher T. Bayley, Seattle Justice: The Rise and Fall of the Police Payoff System in Seattle (Seattle: Sasquatch Books, 2015), ch. 2

    January 17, 2016

  • See punchboard.

    January 17, 2016

  • <blockquote>In his client's defense, Opendack claimed the city was arbitrarily distinguishing between types of gambling. And he was a determined attorney. He initiated a separate lawsuit, attempting to force Carroll /the county prosecutor in 1961/ to seize all punchboards, spindle devices, and sports cards, not just the football cards. To back up his complaint, Opendack provided evidence of seven taverns with open gambling.</blockquote>

    Christopher T. Bayley, Seattle Justice: The Rise and Fall of the Police Payoff System in Seattle (Seattle: Sasquatch Books, 2015), ch. 2

    January 17, 2016

  • In his client's defense, Opendack claimed the city was arbitrarily distingishing between types of gambling. And he was a determined attorney. He initiated a separate lawsuit, attempting to force Carroll /the county prosecutor in 1961/ to seize all punchboards, spindle devices, and sports cards, not just the football cards. To back up his complaint, Opendack provided evidence of seven taverns with open gambling.
    Christopher T. Bayley, Seattle Justice: The Rise and Fall of the Police Payoff System in Seattle (Seattle: Sasquatch Books, 2015), ch. 2

    WAC 230-14-135

    Operating spindle, banded, or "jar" type pull-tabs which award only merchandise prizes.

    (1) Pull-tab series which award only merchandise prizes valued at no more than twenty dollars may use formats with predesignated pull-tabs where:

    (a) Some pull-tabs are free; or

    (b) Players are reimbursed for the cost of the pull-tabs.

    (2) Flares for spindle-type pull-tab series must indicate the total number of pull-tabs and the total number of pull-tabs designated as free or reimbursable.

    (3) Free or reimbursable pull-tabs do not constitute prizes. Operators must not include as revenue money collected and later reimbursed when determining gross gambling receipts.

    Statutory Authority: RCW 9.46.070. WSR 07-17-058 (Order 614), § 230-14-135, filed 8/10/07, effective 1/1/08.

    Washington Administrative Code (2016)

    January 17, 2016

  • In his client's defense, Opendack claimed the city was arbitrarily distingishing between types of gambling. And he was a determined attorney. He initiated a separate lawsuit, attempting to force Carroll /the county prosecutor in 1961/ to seize all punchboards, spindle devices, and sports cards, not just the football cards. To back up his complaint, Opendack provided evidence of seven taverns with open gambling.
    Christopher T. Bayley, <i>Seattle Justice: The Rise and Fall of the Police Payoff System in Seattle</i> (Seattle: Sasquatch Books, 2015), ch. 2

    <blockquote>

    WAC 230-14-005

    Defining "punch board."

    A "punch board" means:
    (1)

    A board with a number of openings of uniform size in which the

    manufacturer placed, at random, slips of paper or other substances

    (punches) imprinted with numbers or symbols; and

    (2)

    A flare (face sheet) covers the openings and sets out the winning

    numbers or symbols and which prizes players may win. The punches have

    specific serial numbers assigned and printed on them; and

    (3)

    After buying a punch, a player may select and remove the punch from the

    opening of the punch board, and, if the number on the selected punch

    matches the flare, the specified prize is awarded to the player.

    Statutory Authority: RCW 9.46.070. WSR 07-17-058 (Order 614), § 230-14-005, filed 8/10/07, effective 1/1/08.</blockquote><a href="http://apps.leg.wa.gov/Wac/default.aspx?cite=230-14-005">Washington Administrative Code</a> (2016)

    January 17, 2016

  • Following his brief tenure, the infamous Chief Wappenstein was convicted of bribery. At his trial, brothel operators testified to the price they had to pay to the Chief, who told them that since they had previous been paying ten dollars per bed (or "crib") as fines to the city each month, they should now just pay him ten dollars per crib directly.
    Christopher T. Bayley, iSeattle Justice: The Rise and Fall of the Police Payoff System in Seattle (Seattle: Sasquatch Books, 2015), ch. 1

    January 17, 2016

  • Seattle pioneered a new type of vice, the notorious box house. An auditorium and stage would be ringed around with second-level rooms, each with a door to a corridor, a window toward teh stage, and a sofa. The women who performed on stage would often also circulate in the corridors, serving drinks and servicing customers.
    Christopher T. Bayley, Seattle Justice: The Rise and Fall of the Police Payoff System in Seattle (Seattle: Sasquatch Books, 2015), ch. 1
    In 1894, liquor sales were prohibited in box houses, quickly putting most out of business.
    Id.<blockquote>In 1898, the theatrical impresario and entrepreneur John Considine decided to stay ahead of the competition by providing a better product. In his box houses, he separated the two professions of actress and prostitute, paying a higher wage to his entertainers who no longer circulated among the boxes.</blockquote>Id.

    January 17, 2016

  • Zika is still a pandemic in progress, and many important questions about it, such as that of teratogenicity, remain to be answered.
    Zika Virus in the Americas — Yet Another Arbovirus Threat

    Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., and David M. Morens, M.D.

    January 13, 2016DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1600297

    January 14, 2016

  • adj. (of a disease) similar to dengue.

    The ongoing pandemic confirms that Zika is predominantly a mild or asymptomatic denguelike disease.
    Perspective

    Zika Virus in the Americas — Yet Another Arbovirus Threat

    Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., and David M. Morens, M.D.

    January 13, 2016DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1600297

    January 14, 2016

  • Zika, which was discovered incidentally in Uganda in 1947 in the course of mosquito and primate surveillance,1 had until now remained an obscure virus confined to a narrow equatorial belt running across Africa and into Asia. The virus circulated predominantly in wild primates and arboreal mosquitoes such as Aedes africanus and rarely caused recognized “spillover” infections in humans, even in highly enzootic areas.2 Its current explosive pandemic reemergence is therefore truly remarkable.

    Perspective

    Zika Virus in the Americas — Yet Another Arbovirus Threat

    Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., and David M. Morens, M.D.

    January 13, 2016DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1600297

    January 14, 2016

  • Zika, which was discovered incidentally in Uganda in 1947 in the course of mosquito and primate surveillance,1 had until now remained an obscure virus confined to a narrow equatorial belt running across Africa and into Asia. The virus circulated predominantly in wild primates and arboreal mosquitoes such as Aedes africanus and rarely caused recognized “spillover” infections in humans, even in highly enzootic areas.

    . . .

    Through early epidemiologic surveillance and human challenge studies, Zika was characterized as a mild or inapparent denguelike disease with fever, muscle aches, eye pain, prostration, and maculopapular rash.

    Perspective

    Zika Virus in the Americas — Yet Another Arbovirus Threat

    Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., and David M. Morens, M.D.

    January 13, 2016DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1600297

    January 14, 2016

  • In 1915, two surgeons visited efficiency expert Frank Gilbreth (yes, the father in Cheaper by the Dozen):

    The three men assembled in the Gilbreth family dining room, intending to make a motion picture. Drs. Eugene Pool and Frederick Bancroft were not unaware of Gilbreth's reputation for self-aggrandizement, and they knew he hoped to gain publicity from the meeting. Nevertheless, at Gilbreth's request and as his cameras recorded, they began to pantomime surgical procedures using his kitchen tools as implements — the first step in the motion-picture process that Gilbreth called cyclegraphy. Using a technique similar to one used by the earliest filmmakers to study physiology, Gilbreth attached small electric lamps to his subjects' fingers and then captured their movements with long exposures. The result was a kinetic map of light traced over blurred, ghostly figures (see photo). Gilbreth would model these traces into three-dimensional dioramas and then coax them into more “efficient” vectors. All that remained was to teach this perfected motion to his subjects.
    History of Medicine: Mr. Gilbreth's Motion Pictures — The Evolution of Medical Efficiency

    C. Gainty | N Engl J Med 2016;374:109-111

    January 14, 2016

  • Related to cyclegraphy.

    "Cyclegraphic Image of a Woman Working at a Gridded Table."

    Caption in History of Medicine: Mr. Gilbreth's Motion Pictures — The Evolution of Medical Efficiency

    C. Gainty | N Engl J Med 2016;374:109-111

    January 14, 2016

  • Later that evening, I chortled at the local TV news where the inclement weather had dislodged the imminent elections from their rightful opening headline slot. ‘Rain is forecast for Friday, Saturday and beyond,’ announced the newsreader in her very best harbinger of doom voice. In the background a “super HD” map of the Bay area showed precisely where the rain would fall, the camera zooming in to close on the handful of named streets which would bear the brunt. The heaviest rain was forecast for Saturday. But tomorrow, the newsreader announced with gravitas, there would be widespread spotting.

    Here was my first encounter with the ‘two nations divided by a common language’ phenomenon. ‘Spotting’ in British English, my American friends, is something which may occur when a lady is in the middle of her cycle and it’s a private matter concerning only the said lady and her underwear. Light rain, meanwhile, is commonly referred to in the UK as ‘drizzle’ or ‘spitting’, and is not usually thought worthy of a five minute slot on the regional news.

    Umbrella, Petite Anglaise (blog), Nov. 7, 2008.

    4.I’ve lived in America all my life and have never heard “spotting” used to describe the weather. I, too, have only used/heard in reference to that lovely monthly gift. I’m sure this made for an interesting (and perhaps scary) expectation of the trip!

    BTW – San Fran is one of my favorite places – spotting or sunny! Love the pics

    Id.: Comment by juli — November 7, 2008 @ 2:18 pm

    January 14, 2016

  • “Arbovirus” is a descriptive term applied to hundreds of predominantly RNA viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, notably mosquitoes and ticks. Arboviruses are often maintained in complex cycles involving vertebrates such as mammals or birds and blood-feeding vectors. Until recently, only a few arboviruses had caused clinically significant human diseases, including mosquito-borne alphaviruses such as chikungunya and flaviviruses such as dengue and West Nile. The most historically important of these is yellow fever virus, the first recognized viral cause of deadly epidemic hemorrhagic fever.
    Anthony S. Fauci & David M. Morens,

    January 14, 2016

  • Whenever she said 'Shakespeare', she bowed her head, and she had actually taken the coach to Stratford-upon-Avon in 1970 to see Peter Brook's legendary white-box production of A Midsummer Night's Dream.
    Jeanette Winterson, Why Be Happy When You Can Be Normal? (New York: Grove Press, 2011), p. 123.

    The set was a three-sided white box; it was described by different critics as a gym, a clinic, a squash court and a circus tent. There were slits in the side walls and two doors in the back, with a catwalk around the top . . ..

    The white box was a machine for acting in. It was lit with bright white light. . . .

    Brook rejected stage illusion: the actors never hid the fact that they were actors performing.

    Albert Hunt & Geoffrey Reeves, Peter Brook (Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press, 1995), pp. 144-45

    January 12, 2016

  • Crimplene (polyester) is a thick yarn used to make a fabric of the same name. The resulting cloth is heavy, wrinkle-resistant and retains its shape well. Britain's defunct ICI Fibres Laboratory developed the fibre in the early 1950s and named it after the Crimple Valley in which the company was situated. Crimplene was used in garments that required a permanently pressed look, such as skirts and trousers.
    Wikipedia</a>.

    She was a big woman, tallish and weighing around twenty stone. Surgical stockings, flat sandals, a Crimplene dress and a nylon headscarf.
    Jeannette Winterson, Why Be Happy When You Could Be Normal? (New York: Grove Press, 2011), p. 3.
    I reminded her that angels often come in disguise and she said that was true but they didn't come disguised in Crimplene.
    Id. at 99.

    January 12, 2016

  • Sets of classic literature "were cheap to buy" at the Rag Man's "and I bought them—sloping into the warren of storerooms after work, knowing he'd stay open playing his ancient opera records . . ."

    Jeanette Winterson, Why Be Happy When You Could Be Normal? (New York: Grove Press, 2011), p. 91.

    January 12, 2016

  • My other favourite shops . . . were the selling-out shops, now called off-licences, where women in headscarves took string bags to buy bottles of stout.
    Jeanette Winterson, Why Be Happy When You Could Be Normal? (New York: Grove Press, 2011), p. 95.

    January 12, 2016

  • My other favourite shops . . . were the selling-out shops, now called off-licences, where women in headscarves took string bags to buy bottles of stout.
    Jeanette Winterson, Why Be Happy When You Could Be Normal? (New York: Grove Press, 2011), p. 95.

    January 12, 2016

  • Under the viaduct was a slam-door of prison-grade steel. Get inside, and you walked down a mummified passage hung with half-dead horsehair mattresses.
    Jeanette Winterson, Why Be Happy When You Could Be Normal? (New York: Grove Press, 2011), p. 90

    January 12, 2016

  • The small room was bare—a tiny window with newspaper tacked over it for warmth. A peg-rug on the floorboards—you make those yourself out of scraps of cotton and they have a rough-coated feel and they lie there like downcast dogs.
    Jeanette Winterson, Why Be Happy When You Could Be Normal? (New York: Grove Press, 2011), p. 74.

    January 12, 2016

  • A radio and record-player.

    he'd stay open playing his ancient opera records on one of those radiograms with Bakelite knobs and an arm that moved all on its own to touch dowsn on the black spinning surface of the vinyl.
    Jeanette Winterson, Why Be Happy When You Could Be Normal? (New York: Grove Press, 2011), p. 92.

    Off the lobby to the right was the best parlour, distinguished by a standard lamp, a radiogram, a vinyl three-piece suite and a display cabinet.

    Id. at 43.


    <blockquote>On occasions we have known demons inhabit pieces of furniture. There was a radiogram that had a demon in it&mdash;every time the poor woman tuned in to <I>Songs of Praise</I>, all she could hear were manic cackles. The valves were sent away to be blessed and when they were refitted the demon had gone. It might have been something to do with the soldering but nobody mentioned that.</blockquote><I>Id.</I> at 80.

    January 12, 2016

  • Among its oddities, Accrington used to make the world's hardest bricks—there is iron ore in the heavy clay, and that gives the bricks their recognizable bright red colour, as well as their remarkable strength.

    The bricks are known as the Nori brick because somebody said they were as hard as iron and stamped it on the bricks backwards by mistake—so Nori they became.

    Thousands of these bricks went to New York to build the foundations of the 1,454-foot-tall Empire State Building. Think King Kong and think Accrington.

    Jeanette Winterson, Why Be Happy When You Could Be Normal? (New York: Grove Press, 2011), pp. 88-89

    January 12, 2016

  • "We're going to a posh restaurant to celebrate our six-month anniversary, and there's a flaming pudding at the next table, so I order that, and Tommy orders champers."

    Laurie R. King, A Letter of Mary (New York: Picador, 1996), p. 298

    January 2, 2016

  • From context: shallow, silly person.

    Both room and woman were very different from the teary, newly affianced flosshead I had expected to find.
    Laurie R. King, A Letter of Mary (New York: Picador, 1996), p. 290

    January 2, 2016

  • From context: killing people in a church.

    I was positively quivering by the time the colonel bade his farewells to the few remaining parishioners in the church hall, though whether my reaction was one of the suppressed hysterical laughter or the urge to commit mass ecclesiasticide, I am still unsure.
    Laurie R. King, A Letter of Mary (New York: Picador, 1996), p. 225

    January 2, 2016

  • "We were up until some very wee hours last night, and the old sarx doesn't recover as fast when you're Father William's age, does it?"

    Looking back, I do not know what it was that raised my hackles at that point. His use of a Greek wolrd to a marginally educated secretary could have been innocent, but somehow I knew instantly that it was not. . . . I used bewilderment to cover my confusion.

    "I'm sorry, I thought his name . . . What did you say about sharks?"

    "Sarx, my dear Miss Small, sarx. Corpus, you know, this too, too solid and all that. But surely you know Greek, if this is yours."

    Laurie R. King, A Letter of Mary (New York: Picador, 1996), p. 186

    January 2, 2016

  • From context, a tie with the colors of a less-prestigious, new British school.

    Holmes came in at three o'clock. He had left immediately after breakfast, dressed in a singularly Lestradian brown suit (the sort that is obviously purchased with an eye to shoulder seams and the amount of wear the knees will take), a soft brown hat that looked as if had shrunk in the rain, a new-school tie, and sturdy shoes . . .
    Laurie R. King, A Letter of Mary (New York: Picador, 1996), p. 149

    January 2, 2016

  • British English: any way.

    "Any road, I had just been back a day or so ..."

    Laurie R. King, A Letter of Mary (New York: Picador, 1996), p. 24

    January 2, 2016

  • The pointers came to the wire mesh of the kennel, wriggling like happy snakes and sneezing with enthusiasm, and even the sickly one came out of his house and fleered at us.
    John Steinbeck, Travels with Charley in Search of America

    December 26, 2015

  • In the sense of a public official (in Scotland):

    "I'll be over presently and have a word with the Fiscal."
    Dorothy L. Sayers, The Five Red Herrings

    December 26, 2015

  • As we puffed and sweated, each of us gave off just as many gallons of water vapour as any long-distance athlete. Yet the cold air of the Barrier is drier than any desert. It was in our finnesko that this difference first gave us trouble.

    Finnesko are Norwegian boots made completely of reindeer fur. The fur goes on the outside, and they are cut big enough so that one can wear three or four pairs of socks inside. There is also sennegrass, a fine dried sedge that insulates and absorbs moisture, to stuff them with. Finnesko were invented, and ours were made, by the Lapps of northern Norway, who herd reindeer for a living. The Lapps know everything there is to know about warm boots. But we differed from the herders: we had no fires on which to dry our finnesko, and at the end of the day they were as damp as pairs of well-exercised spaniels. It was a great relief to peel them off. But removing one's feet allowed the frigid air to rush in, like a witch's curse, turning these soft, pliable, comfortable things to stone.
    Richard Farr, Emperors of the Ice: A True Story of Disaster and Survival in the Antarctic 1910-1913 (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013), ch. 6

    December 26, 2015

  • As we puffed and sweated, each of us gave off just as many gallons of water vapour as any long-distance athlete. Yet the cold air of the Barrier is drier than any desert. It was in our finnesko that this difference first gave us trouble.

    Finnesko are Norwegian boots made completely of reindeer fur. The fur goes on the outside, and they are cut big enough so that one can wear three or four pairs of socks inside. There is also sennegrass, a fine dried sedge that insulates and absorbs moisture, to stuff them with. Finnesko were invented, and ours were made, by the Lapps of northern Norway, who herd reindeer for a living. The Lapps know everything there is to know about warm boots. But we differed from the herders: we had no fires on which to dry our finnesko, and at the end of the day they were as damp as pairs of well-exercised spaniels. It was a great relief to peel them off. But removing one's feet allowed the frigid air to rush in, like a witch's curse, turning these soft, pliable, comfortable things to stone.
    Richard Farr, Emperors of the Ice: A True Story of Disaster and Survival in the Antarctic 1910-1913 (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013), ch. 6

    December 26, 2015

  • Dry docks and breakwaters were built of reinforced (or ferro) concrete—concrete in which metal rods are added—and in the early 1900's several major buildings were built of the same material in Europe and the United States, as well as silos, some small bridges, and a Montgomery Ward warehouse in Chicago.
    David G. McCullough, The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870-1914 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1977)

    December 26, 2015

  • She threw love away to be the Queen of Grime, the Queen of Muck—I am old and life means nothing to me, so I am the only person in all this crowd to dare to tell truth, and truth says bow to the Queen of Feculence if you want to, but not I.
    William Goldman, The Princess Bride

    December 26, 2015

  • Cinchona

    was often administered in cases in which it was inappropriate, for since it suppressed the fever of malaria, doctors were given to think of it as a general febrifuge, a drug that would lower fever in any disease.
    James C. Whorton, The Arsenic Century: How Victorian Britain Was Poisoned at Home, Work, and Play (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2010)

    December 26, 2015

  • If the depicted libraries were indeed the focus of attention, they were often treated as faute de mieux renderings of technical details—fittings and fixtures—that are principally known from other sources . . .
    Richard Gameson, "The Image of the Medieval Library," in Alice Crawford ed., The Meaning of the Library: A Cultural History (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 2015)

    December 26, 2015

  • Two of the guests were motionless, catatonic, and another was making faces and blathering, a farrago which sounded like schizophrenic "word salad."

    Oliver Sacks, On the Move (New York: Knopf, 2015)

    December 26, 2015

  • She was brilliant, funny, a wickedly talented imitator; she was impulsive, ingenuous, feckless, but she was also a fantast, a hysteric, and a leech, always sucking more and more money from everyone around her.
    Oliver Sacks, On the Move (New York: Knopf, 2015) (describing his cousin Carmel)

    December 26, 2015

  • In the sense of the stern of a ship:

    From an hour before the ship sailed, they sat chatting on the fantail . . .
    David McCullough, The Path Between the Seas

    December 26, 2015

  • how excruciating two decades later, those blowsy fanfaronades of the prose . . .
    Julie Schumacher, Dear Committee Members (New York: Doubleday, 2014)

    December 26, 2015

  • it was rumored that some fakirs took it /Fowler's solution, a medicine containing arsenic/ as a preventive against cobra strikes.
    James C. Whorton, The Arsenic Century: How Victorian Britain Was Poisoned at Home, Work, and Play (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2010)

    December 26, 2015

  • in the sense of business manager of an estate (in Scotland):

    "I think the factor had invitit him."
    Dorothy L. Sayers, The Five Red Herrings

    December 26, 2015

  • See extravasate.

    December 26, 2015

  • there is such a disparity in their Conditions, Colour & Hair, that they can never embody with us, and grow up into orderly Families, to the Peopling of the Land: but still remain in our body Politick as a kind of extravasat Blood.
    Samuel Sewall, "The Selling of Joseph: A Memorial" (1700), in Eve LaPlante, Salem Witch Judge: The Life and Repentance of Samuel Sewall (New York: HarperCollins, 2007)

    December 26, 2015

  • The etymological fallacy is the belief that "the only correct sense of a word is the original one." Steven Pinker, The Sense of Style, ch. 6

    December 26, 2015

  • I'd hate to lose my keys in this apartment, I thought, as we passed through rooms whose tabletops and étagères were arranged with objets d'art.
    Blair Tindall, Mozart in the Jungle: Sex, Drugs, and Classical Music (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2005), p. 123

    December 26, 2015

  • Landsman has put a lot of work into the avoidance of having to understand concepts like that of the eruv, but he knows that it's a typical Jewish ritual dodge, a scam run on God, that controlling motherfucker. It has something to do with pretending that telephone poles are doorposts, and that the wires are lintels. You can tie off an area using poles and strings and call it an eruv, then pretend on the Sabbath that this eruv you've drawn—in the case of Zimbalist and his crew, it's pretty much the whole District—is your house. That way you can get around the Sabbath ban on carrying in a public place, and walk to shul with a couple of Alka-Seltzers in your pocket, and it isn't a sin. Given enough string and enough poles, and with a little creative use of existing walls, fences, cliffs, and rivers, you could tie a circle around pretty much any place and call it an eruv.
    Michael Chabon, The Yiddish Policemen's Union (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), p. 110

    December 26, 2015

  • Sometimes, epistatic, or modifier genes influence the expression of primary genes.
    Andrew Solomon, Far from the Tree: Parents, Children, and the Search for Identity (New York: Scribner, 2012)

    December 26, 2015

  • See epiphysis.

    December 26, 2015

  • What makes growth possible for children and impossible for adults is this: During our youth, the ends of our long bones—called the epiphyses—are not yet fused to the shafts; instead they're connected to the shafts by cartilage, allowing the shafts to grow throughout childhood. Beginning in early adolescence, the epiphyses begin to fuse, gradually halting the growth of the bone shafts and bringing an end to that remarkable growth spurt occurring around puberty.
    Dr. Bill Bass & Jon Jefferson, Beyond the Body Farm: A Legendary Bone Detective Explores Murders, Mysteries, and the Revolution in Forensic Science (New York: William Morrow, 2007)

    December 26, 2015

  • For all her make-up and her somewhat outspoken costume, she struck him as spinsterish—even epicene.
    Dorothy L. Sayers, Unnatural Death

    December 26, 2015

  • Bob tracked down a nautical ephemeris from the mid-nineteenth century, and reading the charts that logged every celestial event, he realized that Johnsen had not determined the coordinate by the seat of his britches.
    Gary Kinder, Ship of Gold in the Deep Blue Sea
    According tot he ephemeris, a significant celestial event had occured just after eight o'clock on Sunday morning, and that is what Johnsen had shot with his sextant.
    Id.

    December 26, 2015

  • Informally (I sometimes think) I see and learn and do a great deal, with the extremely varied patients I see in various clinics and Homes, and every seeing-and-learning-and-doing situation is, eo ipso a teaching situation.
    Oliver Sacks, On the Move (New York: Knopf, 2015)

    December 26, 2015

  • Marjayoun was once an entrepôt perched along routes of trade plied by Christians, Muslims, and Jews . . .

    Anthony Shadid, House of Stone (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, Harcourt, 2012)

    December 26, 2015

  • A very high proportion of the Latin books published during the century were produced in a small number of well-capitalized entrepôts—all of them well situated for distribution along Europe's major arteries of trade . . .

    Andrew Pettegree, "The Renaissance Library and the Challenge of Print," in Alice Crawford ed., The Meaning of the Library: A Cultural History (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 2015), p. 86

    December 26, 2015

  • What you want is to endue her with the spirit of revelry.
    A. A. Milne, The Holiday Round (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1929)

    December 26, 2015

  • /Darwin/ did not study his beetle catches very intensively and performed no dissections, so he may indeed have missed the genital wonders that lay hidden beneath their elytra.

    Menno Schilthuizen, Nature's Nether Regions: What the Sex Lives of Bugs, Birds, and Beasts Tell Us About Evolution, Biodiversity, and Ourselves</i> (New York: Viking, 2014)

    December 26, 2015

  • Misspelling of refoulement (see).

    December 24, 2015

  • The ugly stick is a traditional Newfoundland musical instrument fashioned out of household and tool shed items, typically a mop handle with bottle caps, tin cans, small bells and other noise makers. The instrument is played with a drum stick and has a distinctive sound.
    Wikipedia

    December 24, 2015

  • Marketers and publishers are using innovative methods to create, format, and deliver digital advertising. One form is “native advertising,” content that bears a similarity to the news, feature articles, product reviews, entertainment, and other material that surrounds it online.

    Federal Trade Commission, Native Advertising: A Guide for Business (Dec. 2015)

    December 24, 2015

  • Nowhere could they find a bigger flat in London at even double the price. He would have to leave home to make room for the incoming child. Not that he could afford separate accommodation, but perhaps he could live in the Museum, hiding when the closing bell rang and dossing down on one of the broad-topped desks with a pile of books for a pillow.
    David Lodge, The British Museum Is Falling Down (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1965), p. 88

    December 1, 2015

  • if the rope slips, breaks, or is let go, or if the bowline slips, he falls overboard or breaks his neck. This, however, is a thing which never enters into a sailor's calculation. He thinks only of leaving no holydays (places not tarred,) for in case he should, he would have to go over the whole again; or of dropping no tar on the deck, for then there would be a soft word in his ear from the mate.
    Richard Henry Dana, Two Years Before the Mast (1840), ch. VIII

    November 25, 2015

  • See refoulement.

    November 24, 2015

  • Refoulement

    Refoulement means the expulsion of persons who have the right to be recognised as refugees. The principle of non-refoulement has first been laid out in 1954 in the UN-Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, which, in Article 33(1) provides that:

    "No Contracting State shall expel or return ('refouler') a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion."

    It is important to note, that the principle of non-refoulement does not only forbid the expulsion of refugees to their country of origin but to any country in which they might be subject to persecution. The only possible exception provided for by the UN Convention is the case that the person to be expelled constitutes a danger to national security (Art 33(2)).1

    Although the principle of non-refoulement is universally accepted, problems with refoulement frequently arise through the fact, that its application requires a recognised refugee status. However, not all countries are members to the UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees or may not have established formal procedures for determining refugee status.

    1Note on Non-Refoulement (Submitted by the High Commissioner on Human Rights), (EC/SCP/2), 23rd August 1977

    http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/international-migration/glossary/refoulement/

    November 24, 2015

  • See refoulment.

    November 24, 2015

  • See globophobia (fear of balloons).

    November 20, 2015

  • See globophobia.

    November 20, 2015

  • Geoff spasmed and flinched. He'd been  operating equipment whose vibrations cause his hands to shake and was, once again, twitching like a globophobic at a child's birthday party.
    Marie Browne, Narrow Escape: A Year of Highs and Lows on the Narrow Boat Minerva (Abercynon: Accent Press Ltd., 2013)

    November 20, 2015

  • Wikipedia:

    Globophobia is a fear of balloons.1 In some cases, the fear is of balloons in general, while in others the object of fear is the sound produced when balloons pop (phonophobia).2 Globophobics tend to avoid parties and special occasions such as birthday parties, weddings, or any other festivities that may involve balloons as decorationscitation needed. Globophobia is uncommon, but sufferers include Oprah Winfrey,3 So Ji-sub,4 and Doug Stanhope.5 Generally, globophobics will refuse to touch, feel, or go near a balloon for fear it will pop.67 Globophobics tend not to trust people who have a balloon in their hand or anywhere near them, especially children.

    November 20, 2015

  • At a merchant's in the Luckenbooths I had myself fitted out: none too fine, for I had no idea to appear like a beggar on horseback; but comely and responsible, so that servants should respect me. Thence to an armourer's, where I got a plain sword, to suit with my degree in life. . . . The porter, who was naturally a man of some experience, judge my accoutrement to be well chosen.

    "Naething kenspeckle," said he; "plain, dacent claes. As for the rapier, nae doubt it sits wi' your degree; but an I had been you, I would has waired my siller better-gates than that."
    Robert Louis Stevenson, Catriona (1892), pt. I, ch. 1

    November 19, 2015

  • At a merchant's in the Luckenbooths I had myself fitted out: none too fine, for I had no idea to appear like a beggar on horseback; but comely and responsible, so that servants should respect me. Thence to an armourer's, where I got a plain sword, to suit with my degree in life. . . . The porter, who was naturally a man of some experience, judge my accoutrement to be well chosen.

    "Naething kenspeckle," said he; "plain, dacent claes. As for the rapier, nae doubt it sits wi' your degree; but an I had been you, I would has waired my siller better-gates than that."
    Robert Louis Stevenson, Catriona (1892), pt. I, ch. 1

    November 19, 2015

  • At a merchant's in the Luckenbooths I had myself fitted out: none too fine, for I had no idea to appear like a beggar on horseback; but comely and responsible, so that servants should respect me. Thence to an armourer's, where I got a plain sword, to suit with my degree in life. . . . The porter, who was naturally a man of some experience, judge my accoutrement to be well chosen.

    "Naething kenspeckle," said he; "plain, dacent claes. As for the rapier, nae doubt it sits wi' your degree; but an I had been you, I would has waired my siller better-gates than that."
    Robert Louis Stevenson, Catriona (1892), pt. I, ch. 1

    November 19, 2015

  • At a merchant's in the Luckenbooths I had myself fitted out: none too fine, for I had no idea to appear like a beggar on horseback; but comely and responsible, so that servants should respect me. Thence to an armourer's, where I got a plain sword, to suit with my degree in life. . . . The porter, who was naturally a man of some experience, judge my accoutrement to be well chosen.

    "Naething kenspeckle," said he; "plain, dacent claes. As for the rapier, nae doubt it sits wi' your degree; but an I had been you, I would has waired my siller better-gates than that."
    Robert Louis Stevenson, Catriona (1892), pt. I, ch. 1

    November 19, 2015

  • "Hut! none of your whillywhas!" cries he.
    Robert Louis Stevenson, Catriona (1892), pt. I, ch. 2

    November 19, 2015

  • The rattel-waggon, which is a kind of a long waggon set with benches, carried us in four hours of travel to the great city of Rotterdam.
    Robert Louis Stevenson, Catriona (1892), pt. II, ch. 23 (The story is set in 1751.)

    November 19, 2015

  • I wanted to think clear, disengaged myself, and paced to and fro before her, in the manner of what we call a smuggler's walk, belabouring my brains for any remedy.
    Robert Louis Stevenson, Catriona (1892), pt. II, ch. 23

    November 19, 2015

  • Ride and Tie is a sport combining running, riding, endurance and strategy. Teams consist of two runners and one horse who complete a 20-100 mile trail course by "leapfrogging" one another. That is, one person starts on the horse, the other on foot. The horse travels faster than the runner; after a previously arranged time has passed, the person on the horse gets off, ties the horse to a tree and takes off running. The first runner comes up to the horse, unties it and trots or gallops down the trail. When the horsed partner reaches the runner, the person on the horse can either get off and exchange with the other partner (a "flying tie") or can ride on and tie the horse to a tree. Partners do this for the entire distance and each team learns to maximize the different members' strengths and weaknesses to their advantage.
    Wikipedia

    "Has ye seen my horse?" he gasped.

    "Na, man, I haenae seen nae the horse the day," replied the countryman.

    And Alan spared the time to explain to him that we were travelling "ride and tie"; that our charger had escaped, and it was feared he had gone home to Linton. Not only that, but he expended some breath (of which he had not very much left) to curse his own misfortune and my stupidity which was said to be its cause.

    Robert Louis Stevenson, Catriona (1892), Part I, ch. 13 (action is set in 1751)

    November 19, 2015

  • the chief orthoepist (pronunciation expert) for <i>Black’s</i> is Charles Harrington Elster, whose research into the evolution of American pronunciation is second to none.
    Bryan A. Garner, "Is your pronunciation on point? Take this quiz to find out," <i>ABA Journal,</i> Nov. 2015, http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/is_your_pronunciation_on_point_take_this_quiz_to_find_out/

    November 6, 2015

  • After another much-needed cup of tea, I decided to make an attempt at dinner. incredibly Happy was equipped with a diesel hob, expensive things, but much safer than gas. Leaking gas tends to drop into the bilges and then explode at the lease provocation, or so we had been told. . . .

    To install just the hob alone would have cost over £500, hob and cooker together came to a massive £1200. So with budget restrictions in mind, we had decided that, for now, we would make do with just the already installed hob and the microwave, and the diesel oven could wait for our overdue lottery win.
    Marie Browne, Narrow Margins (Mid-Glamorgan: Accent Press Ltd., 2009)

    November 3, 2015

  • Geoff needed various bits and bobs: more screws, a hose attachment and some electronic bits that would enable us to connect our stereo into the speakers that were already embedded into the ceiling . . . .
    Marie Browne, Narrow Margins (Mid-Glamorgan: Accent Press Ltd., 2009)

    November 3, 2015

  • Possibly: the segment of a lock (in a canal or river) between the gates, where boats are tied up to be raised or lowered.

    A couple of teenage lads jumped off, one began to swing the lower gates shut and the other positioned himself at the winch and as the gates swung to a close began to fill the lock pound with water.
    Marie Browne, Narrow Margins (Mid-Glamorgan: Accent Press Ltd., 2009)

    We pulled in at the mooring, as Geoff wanted to study the lock mechanism before we brought our monster into the pound.
    Id.
    Against all the rules, we stayed within the lock pound, until the rain, my blood loss and our heart rates had slackened to something closer to manageable.

    November 3, 2015

  • Mum and Dad left that evening at about nine. They had treated us to dinner and had generally been helpful and lovely. Maybe this time one of their children had rolled so far left field they couldn't really help and had no advice, so all they could do was just sit back, watch and be ready to catch us if we fell.
    Marie Browne, Narrow Margins Mid-Glamorgan: Accent Press Ltd., 2009)

    As an American, I'm struck by the locution "roll left field." In the US, I think "out in left field" refers to the player standing way out there, far from the pitcher and other infielders. Here the image is of the ball that rolls to a part if the field where it's hard to retrieve, Assume it refers to cricket.

    November 3, 2015

  • "I offered to make bacon sarnies for everyone."

    Marie Browne, Narrow Margins (Mid-Glamorgan: Accent Press Ltd., 2009)

    November 3, 2015

  • The electrics have been seriously bodged and added to over the years and now they just look like a big ball of multicoloured string.
    Marie Browne, Narrow Margins (Mid-Glamorgan: Accent Press Ltd., 2009)

    November 3, 2015

  • The restaurant boat was small but nicely set up, with eight tables, some with four chairs, some with two, nothing fancy, but clean and very classic with with castles and roses painted on every available surface. . . .

    Sam had obviously worked out that Mum was not 100 per cent up to par today and he had decided that some good behaviour might get him another chance to turn robots into chickens, so was quietly playing some complicated game with the crucible set.
    Marie Browne, Narrow Margins (Mid-Glamorgan: Accent Press Ltd., 2009)

    From the context, I figure that "crucible set" is a term for tea set or some collection of crockery or tableware. I've found some candidates by searching Google images--but I've also found a bunch of pictures of stage sets for "The Crucible" as well as crucibles designed for use in chemistry and metallurgy labs.

    November 3, 2015

  • Sam and I left Geoff with his head in the electrics, muttering imprecations against whichever hapless soul had installed our, in his opinion, 'stupidly small inverter'. . . .

    There was also a problem with the fridge, which appeared to be completely nonfunctional, but Geoff couldn't work out whether the fridge was actually dead or if it was just another problem with the electrics.
    Marie Browne, Narrow Margins (Mid-Glamorgan: Accent Press Ltd., 2009)

    November 3, 2015

  • We relaxed there about an hour, eating bacon butties, feeding the ducks, drinking huge amounts of tea and discussing hare-brained plans for the future of Happy Go Lucky.
    Marie Browne, Narrow Margins (Mid-Glamorgan: Accent Press Ltd., 2009)

    November 3, 2015

  • he . . . very quietly stated that . . . our offer had been accepted on the boat, but that if we went ahead the present owner wanted no comebacks.

    'What does that mean? "no comebacks", I asked.

    ''It means that if the survey is poor or if there are any issues that arise from the survey, we can't ask him to drop the price any further, although we can still pull out of the sale altogether,' Geoff explained.
    Marie Browne, Narrow Margins (Mid-Glamorgan: Accent Press Ltd., 2009), p. 31

    (Apparently "survey" in Br. Eng. is used a "inspection" is in US Eng., at least in the context of buying and selling houses and live-aboard boats.)

    November 3, 2015

  • The 'beautiful' barge was definitely large . . . but that is where any resemblance to the advert ended. For instance, there was absolutely no mention that she had obviously run into or been run into by something. A dock probably, but it could have quite easily been war wounds from a volley from long nines — she looked that old and battered!
    Marie Browne, Narrow Margins (Mid-Glamorgan: Accent Press Ltd., 2009)

    November 3, 2015

  • From all this we can ascertain that a “long nine” was a cast iron 9-pounder with a barrel length of at least nine feet. And while it was certainly used as a chase piece on frigates and ships of the line but it also served as the main battery on ship-sloops in the 18 and 20 gun category.
    The Long Nine, Age of Sail (Feb. 20, 2009)

    November 3, 2015

  • we "treated ourselves to a slap-up lunch in an Italian restaurant."

    Marie Browne, Narrow Margins (Mid-Glamorgan: Accent Press Ltd., 2009), p. 115

    November 3, 2015

  • <blockquote>The town was strung out along the irrigation canal, called a 'jube' (rhymes with 'tube'). The jube was more than just a source of irrigation water; it was also where the livestock came to drink, where women came to do laundry and wash dishes, and where people gathered to gossip or to pick up prostitutes, who were nicknamed 'jube queens' for their habit of sitting alongside the jube and dangling their feet in the water while waiting for customers.</blockquote>

    Dr. Bill Bass & Jon Jefferson, Beyond the Body Farm: A Legendary Bone Detective Explores Murders, Mysteries, and the Revolution in Forensic Science (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), p. 9. (The town was Hasanlu, Iran, in 1964.)

    November 1, 2015

  • "In the next instant there was a loud, scraping sound as the little boat slithered across the top of a reef. She had hit what the Caymanians called a pan shoal, a flat-topped table of coral and compacted sand."

    Tim Severin, In Search of Robinson Crusoe (2003)

    October 31, 2015

  • "Adam micturated, and considered whether to wash his hands a second time."

    David Lodge, The British Museum Is Falling Down (1965)

    October 31, 2015

  • "Main": see Spanish Main.

    October 31, 2015

  • "the islands across the direct route of the galleons that traveled from the Spanish Main to Havana."

    Tim Severin, In Search of Robinson Crusoe (2003)

    Also "Main":

    "Whicker suspected that 'the boat was so large and unruly and they so unskillful in navigation that I fear they either perished at sea or were driven ashore on the Main."


    Id.

    October 31, 2015

  • <blockquote>Though it may seem contradictory, there are trees growing above the timberline. Scattered here and there unprotected or slightly shielded locations, spruce, fir, white bark pine, or limber pine may be found trying to make a stand. Like ancient bonsai, dwarfed and gnarly little trees struggle for decades or perhaps even centuries in an ecology that is defined in part by their absence. The phenomenon is referred to collectively as krummholz, and the term is applied to any species of conifer that will choose to survive in an otherwise treeless alpine environment.</blockquote>

    Joe Hutto, The Light in High Places: A Naturalist Looks at Wyoming Wilderness, Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep, Cowboys, and Other Rare Species (New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2009), ch. 7

    October 31, 2015

  • "after a long search she was obliged to indite her epistle of love minus the edelweiss effusion."

    "Lady Librarians," Pall Mall Gazette. quoted in Robert Crawford, "The Library in Poetry" in Alice Crawford, ed., The Meaning of the Library: A Cultural History (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 2015), p. 192

    October 31, 2015

  • Several examples are apparent misspellings of "indict." Maybe "indite" will one day be an accepted alternative, but for now, they are two different words.

    October 31, 2015

  • "They ate 'Hasty Pudding,' balls of duff made of flour and wart and flavored with shreds of beef."

    Tim Severin, In Search of Robinson Crusoe (2003)

    October 31, 2015

  • Jane was alone dealing with a heifer that was having difficulty delivering a new calf. . . . Jane already had a come-along out and a stainless steel chain . . . . At last Sid got the calf's leg around and we could finally see both little pink hooves. Then we cinched up a small chain around both front feet, attached the chain to the hook and cable of the come-along, and then tried to find something immovable to securely attach the whole contraption to. We chose the entire corner of the big barn. . . . The heifer bellowed, the force of the come-along literally pulled her hind quarters off the ground, and she toppled over on her side in a great floundering struggle.
    Joe Hutto, The Light in High Places: A Naturalist Looks at Wyoming Wilderness, Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep, Cowboys, and Other Rare Species (New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2009), ch. 10
    In minutes the heifer was up, and although still not altogether appreciative, she seemed quite pleased with the overall results and held no apparent grudge toward us. She began eagerly examining and cleaning her new calf. . . . The four of us (cow, calf, Sid, and Joe) had, however, managed to break the corner of a one-hundred-year-old log barn, so Sid and I began making repairs with sledgehammers, crow bars, and a wet, messy come-along.
    Id.

    October 31, 2015

  • See http://www.yourdictionary.com/comealong

    Oxford American Dictionary (Kindle) has: "INFORMAL a hand-operated winch."

    October 30, 2015

  • "The spearfishing skill of the Miskitos was so important to the English that when the time came to careen the ship, they brought their vessels to places on the coast where their strikers could hunt the prey that provided the most flesh."

    Tim Severin, In Search of Robinson Crusoe (2003)

    "Here the privateersmen dug two or three wells to supply them while they careened ships in an anchorage on the northern side."

    I'd.

    October 30, 2015

  • "The booby received its mocking name, so it was said, from the English sailors who thought it so stupid that they could stand on the deck and extend their arms as perches and the boobies would alight. The sailors wrung their necks."

    Tim Severin, In Search of Robinson Crusoe (2003)

    October 30, 2015

  • "Pedro Serrano was shipwrecked there in the first half of the sixteenth century—the date is uncertain—and his survival story is so extreme as to beggar belief."

    Tim Severin, In Search of Robinson Crusoe (2003)

    October 30, 2015

  • "The story earns its place among sacred, apotropaic texts and the ranks of amulets and talismans . . ."

    Marina Warner,"The Library in Fiction," in Alice Crawford, ed., The Meaning of the Library: A Cultural History (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 2015), p. 165

    "Vows, blessings, curses, apotropaic and expiatiory formulae, repeated and performed in the correct way, place language at the center of ritual . . . ."

    Id., p. 170

    October 30, 2015

  • "The technique we used to try and reestablish the falcons in the Smokies was to hack the birds in high protected cliff ledges."

    Kim DeLozier & Carolyn Jourdan, Bear in the Back Seat: Adventures of a Wildlife Ranger (2013)

    "The hacking process involved feeding young birds that couldn't yet fly in a controlled situation, inside a large wooden box with little human contact, until they matured enough to grow some flight feathers."

    Id.

    "We started our program by taking captive-bred birds to a hack box located high atop a cliff on Greenbrier Pinnacle."

    Id.

    October 30, 2015

  • "It was no use now to cry that she was not an intellectual who had not made the grade, that she was a simon-pure rube; not a soul would believe her."

    Jean Stafford, "Children Are Bored on Sunday," in David Remnick, ed., Wonderful Town: New York Stories from the New Yorker (New York: Random House, 2000), pp. 360-61.

    October 12, 2015

  • "First, Bang and Cobb had not considered the phenomenon of allometry—the way that organs scale with body size."

    Tim Birkhead, Bird Sense: What It's Like to Be a Bird (New York: Walker & Co., 2002)

    October 11, 2015

  • "When the candle was extinguished, the incandescent wick must provide the right temperature for reducing some of the white arsenic to the elemental state, generating the 'alliaceous odour' he detected."

    James C. Whorton, The Arsenic Century: How Victorian Britain Was Poisoned at Home, Work, and Play (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2010)

    October 11, 2015

  • "it was the last of what I had cooked, frozen, and packed in aliquots many weekends ago."

    Abraham Verghese, Cutting for Stone

    October 11, 2015

  • "The answer is always the same: albedo."

    Mike Brown, How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming</i> (New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2010)

    October 11, 2015

  • ". . . talking to a wise king with the face of a wounded animal and the fantastic tongue of an afrit, . . ."
    Philip Hensher, The Mulberry Empire</i> (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002)

    October 11, 2015

  • "The beetle penis became Jeannel's bread and butter. Aware of its potential, he invariably assigned projects to his students that involved dissecting, describing, and categorizing the penises of beetles and other insects, and was puzzled when, in one case, this brought a female student to tears. She told him that he could not possibly expect such a thing of a lady. In what must have been an effort of empathy, Jeannel defused the situation by pointing out that he was not actually asking her to study penises; instead he preferred to use the word 'aedeagus' (from the Greek ta aidoia, 'the genitals'), since 'penis,' 'phallus,' and 'prepuce' are terms usually reserved for vertebrates like ourselves."

    Menno Schilthuizen, Nature's Nether Regions (New York: Penguin, 2014), p. 31

    October 11, 2015

  • "Carole had discovered in me, or more accurately in my writing . . ., a love of conflict, a fondness for rivalry both sexual and literary that pointed toward a vestigial tenderness and susceptibility to my ex-wife's adamantine charms."

    Julie Schumacher, Dear Committee Members

    October 10, 2015

  • Example sentences so far are all for the literal sense--making more acidic or sour. A figurative example:

    "This remark produced a mild sensation, and the Coroner became even more acidulated in manner than before." Dorothy L. Sayers, Whose Body?

    October 10, 2015

  • In <i>On the Move</i>, Oliver Sacks refers to people with achromatopsia as "achromatopes." Wikipedia entry on achromatopsia calls the "achromats."

    October 10, 2015

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